We proposed a method for identifying the composition of paints used in painting using the method of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy using signal-amplifying substrates with an array of vertically standing silver nanowires. Using the example of a model tempera paint based on egg white with an inorganic pigment (red lead, massicot, emerald green), it is shown that with a decrease in the concentration of pigment, the use of substrates can significantly increase the sensitivity when detecting pigment in a lower concentration up to 0.01 g, compared with the signal of Raman scattering of light on foil. The use of reinforcing substrates makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the method, so that it is possible to accurately identify the components used not only individually, but also as a mixture.