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The use of various types of functional non-traditional plant and animal raw materials in the preparation of bakery products is a classic approach to increasing their biological and nutritional value and requires the use of mathematical methods for designing recipes. The paper presents the results of modeling the composition of bakery products with amino acid and fatty acid composition recommended by the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, close to the reference value of an ideal protein. An analysis of the biological value and biological effectiveness of plant functional raw materials (flax seeds, sesame and pine nuts) was carried out in order to enrich them with new products for the baking industry. A mathematical optimization problem was formulated and, using the Maple computer algebra software environment, the optimal ratio of components was calculated to ensure the maximum approximation of the biochemical composition in terms of the ratio of essential amino acids, as well as ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to the reference value in the developed bakery products. The ratios of new components used in the recipe provided an increase of 31.4% in the biological value and a decrease in the energy value of the developed bakery products by 3.8%. The finished product is balanced according to the ratio ω-3: ω-6 = 1.0: 3.9 and mineral substances Ca: P: Mg = 1: 1.49: 0.6. Satisfaction of the daily requirement for functional ingredients is 21 - 31% (in control - 14%). The results obtained and the proposed methodology can be used as a model for enriching the composition of various functional foods.
The use of various types of functional non-traditional plant and animal raw materials in the preparation of bakery products is a classic approach to increasing their biological and nutritional value and requires the use of mathematical methods for designing recipes. The paper presents the results of modeling the composition of bakery products with amino acid and fatty acid composition recommended by the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, close to the reference value of an ideal protein. An analysis of the biological value and biological effectiveness of plant functional raw materials (flax seeds, sesame and pine nuts) was carried out in order to enrich them with new products for the baking industry. A mathematical optimization problem was formulated and, using the Maple computer algebra software environment, the optimal ratio of components was calculated to ensure the maximum approximation of the biochemical composition in terms of the ratio of essential amino acids, as well as ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to the reference value in the developed bakery products. The ratios of new components used in the recipe provided an increase of 31.4% in the biological value and a decrease in the energy value of the developed bakery products by 3.8%. The finished product is balanced according to the ratio ω-3: ω-6 = 1.0: 3.9 and mineral substances Ca: P: Mg = 1: 1.49: 0.6. Satisfaction of the daily requirement for functional ingredients is 21 - 31% (in control - 14%). The results obtained and the proposed methodology can be used as a model for enriching the composition of various functional foods.
The recipe composition of confectionary glaze determines its high caloricity upon the low content of physiologically significant substances. Introduction of fruit and vegetable raw materials makes it possible to increase a content of dietary fibers, vitamins, macro- and microelements in a product, as well as to reduce an amount of added sugar. This paper considers a technological possibility of introducing vegetable powders into the confectionary glaze recipe by the example of the beet powder. Physico-chemical indicators of the beet powder were studied in comparison with the classic recipe components of confectionary glaze. An effect of an amount of the beet powder (3–15%) introduced instead of part of sugar on the organoleptic, rheological and crystallization properties of glaze was studied. Organoleptic evaluation revealed that addition of the beet powder into the confectionary glaze recipe in an amount of more than 15% led to appearance of floury off-flavor. It was found that yield strength of glaze increased in the direct proportion to the content of beet powder in its composition (from 3.601 Pа to 4.446 Pa) and its value was in a range of the optimal values of 3÷7 Pа. Therefore, addition of the beet powder in an amount of up to 15% will not lead to technological difficulties. The study of the kinetics of the process of confectionary glaze structuring showed that addition of the beet powder led to a decrease in the solidification point and an increase in the time of glaze crystallization. The main crystallization parameters of the developed glaze were established: solidification point Tmax=28.0÷28.3°C, crystallization time τmax=8.2÷8.6 min. Based on the performed research, the following recipes were developed: vegetable-containing confectionary glaze with the beet powder content of 3 to 10%; vegetable confectionery glaze with the beet powder content of 13%.
Введение: Глазированные кондитерские изделия отличаются более привлекательным внешним видом и пролонгированным сроком годности. При этом кондитерская глазурь имеет высокое содержание сахара и низкое содержание физиологически значимых веществ, поэтому снижение содержания в ней сахара путем частичной замены его на плодоовощные порошки, богатые пищевыми волокнами и биологически активными веществами, является актуальным. Цель: Установить влияния количества различных плодоовощных порошков с учетом их жиропоглотительной способности на кристаллизационные и реологические свойства кондитерской глазури. Материалы и методы: Объектами исследования являлись образцы кондитерской глазури, произведенные в лабораторных условиях с применением заменителя масло-какао нетемперируемого лауринового типа, какао порошка, сахарной пудры и плодоовощных порошков. В качестве контрольного образца использовали кондитерскую глазурь, полученную без применения плодоовощных порошков.Результаты: Жиропоглотительная способность плодоовощных порошков оказывает существенное влияние на структурно-механические показатели глазури и ее технологичность. Установлено, что увеличение количества порошка во всех случаях увеличивает у глазури предел текучести по Кассону. Однако в случае использования порошков со средней (из яблока) и высокой (из моркови) жиропоглотительной способностью предел текучести превышал оптимальные значения при концентрации порошков 13% и составлял 9,6-10,0 Па, что делает глазурь не технологичной. Внесение порошка свеклы с низкой жиропоглотительной способностью в количестве 20% приводило к увеличению предела текучести с 1,6 Па (контроль без порошка) до 2,57 Па. С повышением количества плодоовощных порошков во всех случаях отмечено увеличение времени кристаллизации кондитерской глазури. Органолептическим анализом глазурей установлены оптимальные концентрации в ней порошков: свеклы (рН 6,9) – 11-15%; яблока и моркови (рН 4,4-4,7) – 11%. Выводы: На основании полученных данных сделано заключение, что использование плодоовощных порошков с различной жиропоглотительной способностью и значениями рН позволяет вырабатывать в соответствие с ГОСТ 53897 фруктовые/овощные глазури с содержанием плодоовощного сырья не менее 10%. Это существенно расширит ассортимент кондитерских глазурей с различным вкусовым профилем, со сниженным содержанием сахара и увеличенным содержанием пищевых волокон.
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