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The optimal content of trace elements in green feeds is of fundamental importance for ensuring high productivity of cattle. For the production of green fodder, corn grown in fields located near livestock complexes and fertilized by by-products of animal husbandry (BPA) is used. In conditions of a high load of BPA (manure, manure runoff), the accumulation of trace elements in the green mass of corn (GMC) occurs more intensively than when using fertilizers in mineral form. Corn cultivation promotes active removal of Fe, Zn, Mn from the soil and weak removal of Cu. The accumulation of trace elements in plants grown on acidic soils fertilized by BPA is higher than when grown on neutral soils. According to the absolute content in GMC, trace elements are arranged in the following sequence: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. The corresponding series coincides with the sequence of decreasing concentrations of mobile forms of elements in agro-ecosystems, but differs from the sequence of changes in the indices of accumulation (IA) of trace elements. The IA values calculated on the basis of experimental data are arranged as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The IA of all trace elements, except Cu, in the GMC was higher than one, so corn can be classified as battery plants. IA Cu in different agro-ecosystems was below 1 and practically did not depend on the level of metabolic acidity. The weak accumulation is probably due to the low Cu content in sod-podzolic soils, the high stability of Cu complexes with organic ligands and the significant content of nitrogen available to plants in soils fertilized by BPA.
The optimal content of trace elements in green feeds is of fundamental importance for ensuring high productivity of cattle. For the production of green fodder, corn grown in fields located near livestock complexes and fertilized by by-products of animal husbandry (BPA) is used. In conditions of a high load of BPA (manure, manure runoff), the accumulation of trace elements in the green mass of corn (GMC) occurs more intensively than when using fertilizers in mineral form. Corn cultivation promotes active removal of Fe, Zn, Mn from the soil and weak removal of Cu. The accumulation of trace elements in plants grown on acidic soils fertilized by BPA is higher than when grown on neutral soils. According to the absolute content in GMC, trace elements are arranged in the following sequence: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. The corresponding series coincides with the sequence of decreasing concentrations of mobile forms of elements in agro-ecosystems, but differs from the sequence of changes in the indices of accumulation (IA) of trace elements. The IA values calculated on the basis of experimental data are arranged as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The IA of all trace elements, except Cu, in the GMC was higher than one, so corn can be classified as battery plants. IA Cu in different agro-ecosystems was below 1 and practically did not depend on the level of metabolic acidity. The weak accumulation is probably due to the low Cu content in sod-podzolic soils, the high stability of Cu complexes with organic ligands and the significant content of nitrogen available to plants in soils fertilized by BPA.
In 2 vegetation experiments laid on acidic sod-podzolic light loamy soil, a comparative study of the fertilizing value and reclamation properties of finely ground dolomite flour (DF) particles used for road construction and blast furnace slag (FS) of a metallurgical plant was carried out. It was found that 1 year after liming, DF, introduced in doses equivalent to FS in terms of neutralizing ability, contributed to a greater shift in pHKCl and a greater accumulation of the sum of the exchange bases Ca2+ + Mg2+. In terms of the effect on the productivity of wheat straw, variations with FS, introduced in equal amounts with DF, were not inferior to the latter. The effect of liming DF on wheat grain yield was more significant than with FS. The relationship between the content of mobile Ca2+ + Mg2+ cations in reclaimed soil and the productivity of wheat grain was revealed. Empirical dependences describing the effect of increasing doses of meliorants on the transition of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese into straw and grain of plants have been developed. It is concluded that at the first stage of the dissolution of meliorants, their chemical nature was the leading factor in achieving the effect of curing. The degree of grinding of lime materials was of secondary importance.
In a 10-year laboratory experiment on columns, the migration mobility of calcium remaining in dolomite-reclaimed sod-podzolic soil after harvesting crops was studied. A “fund” of calcium compounds capable of migration in years with average long-term, excessive and insufficient levels of moisture has been identified. It was found that an increase in the volume of drained moisture contributed to an increase in unproductive calcium losses. The higher the dose of dolomite and the smaller the particle size, the greater the eluvial calcium loss. It is shown that the bulk of the calcium capable of migration was removed from the soil at the initial stage of washing. During the entire study period, migration calcium losses after pea harvesting exceeded losses after mustard cultivation. Empirical dependences describing the loss of calcium from the soil produced by dolomite in a wide range of doses have been developed. Various variants of the experiment were ranked according to the scale of calcium losses. It is shown that over 10 years of observations, the maximum calcium losses as a result of migration were characteristic of the variant of the experiment produced by dolomite flour calculated from the full dose of hydrolytic acidity. Calcium losses from soil reclaimed by dolomite particles of 5–7 and 7–10 mm in doses equal to 3 and 5 Hc were less.Key words: sod-podzolic light loamy soil, soil moisture availability, chemical reclamation, eluvial calcium losses, empirical models of migration process.
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