Влияние Удобрений На Урожайность Культур И Вынос Питательных Элементов В Зернопаросидеральном Севообороте

Постников, П А; Popova, Veronika

doi:10.31857/s000218812104013x

Cited by 3 publications

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“…По оценке некоторых исследователей [33,34], внесение туков является полезным для почвы и растений, но это требует определенных затрат на их приобретение, особенно в последние годы. По другим данным [35]…”

Section: результаты исследования и их обсуждениеunclassified

The Possibilities of Stabilizing the Biological Activity of the Soil With the Use of Organic, Mineral Fertilizers, Microorganisms and Resource-Saving Treatments

Polous¹,

no²,

Osaulenko³

2023

УСЕ (ACNR)

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Целью исследований было проведение анализа литературных источников по определению технологий, повышающих действие удобрений на биологическую активность почвы и растений. Получение устойчивых урожаев полевых культур зависит от применения органических и минеральных удобрений; препаратов на основе микроорганизмов; обработки почвы, оптимального севооборота. Эффект от применения навоза обусловлен высоким содержанием в нем грибов, бактерий, архей, простейших и других элементов. Но это полезное удобрение, цена на которое составляет от 400 руб./т, доступно только хозяйствам, имеющим определенную отрасль животноводства. В последние десятилетия, с введением запрета на сжигание стерни и переходом хозяйств на почвозащитные ресурсосберегающие технологии, поступлением в село нового поколения комбайнов, все землепользователи получили доступ к органическим удобрениям, которыми являются пожнивные остатки культур севооборота (или пожнивных посевов). Было установлено, что их запашка плугом нерациональна, так как неизмельченные послеуборочные остатки размещались в биологически малоактивном слое почвы. Кроме того, лишение почвы растительного покрова при отвальной вспашке не сдерживало водной и ветровой эрозии. Эти меры позволили оставлять на поверхности или заделывать измельченную органику в биологически активный слой почвы, 0-15 см, повысить содержание углерода и элементов питания для почвенных микроорганизмом, участвующих в обмене веществ в ризосфере полевых культур. В настоящее время на многих полях снижены видовое разнообразие и численность почвенной биоты, что делает целесообразным ее дополнительное внесение при протравливании семян, проведении подкормок и при защитных обработках. Эффективность минеральных удобрений зависит от способа их внесения и осадков. В больших количествах минеральные удобрения снижают агрофизические показатели, разрушают микробиологическую систему и гумус почвы.

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Section: результаты исследования и их обсуждениеunclassified

The Possibilities of Stabilizing the Biological Activity of the Soil With the Use of Organic, Mineral Fertilizers, Microorganisms and Resource-Saving Treatments

Polous¹,

no²,

Osaulenko³

2023

УСЕ (ACNR)

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Influence of biological intensification on the balance of sod-podzolic soil nutrient elements in field crop rotations

Козлова

Попов

Noskova

et al. 2022

Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока

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The studies were carried out in the Kirov region on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a long-time stationary experiment established in 1976. The article provides data (2010-2017) on four fallow-grain-grass crop rotations with various types of fallows, annual and perennial legumes (25-50 %), intercrops (12.5-37.5 %). The purpose of the studies is to compare the influence of some biologization techniques in eight-field crop rotations on the change in soil fertility and the balance of nutritional elements of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It is found that the application of low doses of mineral fertilizers (N30P30K30) and various types of green manure crops per rotation has significantly increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable soil layer (by 39-46 mg/kg). According to grouping the provision of soils with phosphorus, the content of this element passed into the «high provision» group. The content of exchangeable potassium in the soil remained in the «increased» provision group. In the control crop rotation with clean fallow at a minimum supply of nutrients with mineral fertilizers and root-stubble residues, the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was created negative at the intensity of less than 100 %. The replacement of clean fallow for cropped and green manure fallows, as well as the introduction of intermediate cruciferous crops into the crop rotation structure contributed to the positive balance of nitrogen (250.2-484.3 kg/ha) with the intensity of 124-150 %. The biologization factors used in crop rotations favored the creation of a positive phosphorus balance (12.5-148.1 kg/ha) with the optimal intensity of 117-163 % and a positive potassium balance (128.9-395.8 kg/ha) with the intensity above the optimal value of 116-148 %. The most advantageous in terms of productivity and ensuring a positive balance of nutritional elements is crop rotation with two green manure fallows and sowing of stubble and hay cruciferous crops in three fields.

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The influence of legumes and fertilizers on crop rotation productivity and soil fertility

Semeshkina,

Borodina

2024

Agrarian Bulletin of The

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Abstract. The purpose of researches is influence legume crops and mineral fertilizers on crop rotation productivity and soil fertility elements in the conditions of Kaluga region. Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on gray forest medium loamy soil. The laying of field experience, observations, records and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methodological recommendations. Results. It was found that the studied factors had an insignificant effect on the weed propensity, which, against the background of mineral fertilizers and with an increase in the share of legumes in the structure, was slightly higher. On average, during the fourth rotation, the highest crop productivity was obtained in a crop rotation with 40% saturation with legumes, both against the background of fertilization (38.6 c/ha of grain units) and without their use (32.6 c/ha of grain units). Applying of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in crop rotation productivity by 18–24 %. On average, for crop rotations, 6.4 c/ha of grain units or 22 % were obtained by applying mineral fertilizers in addition to a background without fertilizers. It’s noted that use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the change some indicators of soil fertility. Availability of exchangeable forms potassium increased by 27 % and mobile phosphorus by 54 % compared to options without fertilizers. And in comparison with the initial state, the content of K2O without fertilizers increased by 17 and by 54 mg/kg of soil against the background of their use, and the content of P2O5 decreased by 27 mg/kg of soil and increased by 66 mg/kg, respectively. With an increase in the share of legumes in the structure of crop rotations from 30 % to 60 %, there was a slight increase in soil fertility, especially against the background of mineral fertilizers. Scientific novelty. The issues of influence legumes and mineral fertilizers on productivity of the fourth rotation of crop rotations and elements soil fertility were considered.

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Влияние Удобрений На Урожайность Культур И Вынос Питательных Элементов В Зернопаросидеральном Севообороте

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Possibilities of Stabilizing the Biological Activity of the Soil With the Use of Organic, Mineral Fertilizers, Microorganisms and Resource-Saving Treatments

The Possibilities of Stabilizing the Biological Activity of the Soil With the Use of Organic, Mineral Fertilizers, Microorganisms and Resource-Saving Treatments

Influence of biological intensification on the balance of sod-podzolic soil nutrient elements in field crop rotations

The influence of legumes and fertilizers on crop rotation productivity and soil fertility

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