Аналіз Впливу Ацетату Свинцю Та Засобів З Біопротекторною Дією На Морфо-Функціональний Стан Серцево-Судинної Системи

Abstract

In this review of scientific literature, an analysis of the current state of scientific research regarding the negative impact of lead compounds on the morpho-functional state of the body and the cardiovascular system was carried out. Analysis of data from experimental studies and indicators of exposure to lead acetate in the medical literature proves a negative effect on the morpho-functional state of the cardiovascular system and the morphogenesis of the heart. As a result of the analysis of literature data, it was possible to establish that the heart and vascular system are sensitive to the influence of lead compounds during prenatal and postnatal development. The action of lead acetate causes a violation of the morphogenesis of the myocardium of various parts of the heart with the development of dystrophic changes in the myocardium, the proliferative activity in the heart wall decreases, cell-free areas of the dense layer of the myocardium are revealed, and the number of actively functioning capillaries decreases, which is accompanied by a narrowing of the lumen of microvessels, swelling of the vascular walls, blood stasis. At the ultrastructural level, a significant decrease in the lumen of the capillaries was detected due to the protrusion of the perikaryon of the endotheliocytes into the lumen. Damage to endothelial cells of the intima, acidophilic degeneration of connective tissue, thrombosis of vessel lumens, fibrotic processes, and dystrophic calcification of the media were detected in the aorta and large arteries of rats after long-term intake of lead acetate. The fetoplacental barrier is permeable to heavy metals, and lead is thought to be transported across the placenta by simple diffusion. Lead is able to accumulate in the body of the fetus, even under conditions of relatively low concentrations of it in the maternal blood, and exert an embryotoxic and fetotoxic effect. The use of agents with an antioxidant effect made it possible to suppress the cardiotoxic effect of lead acetate, contributed to the morphogenesis of the heart, prevented damage to blood vessels, the development of fibrosis and inflammatory processes in the myocardium. First of all, it is worth noting such plantbased antioxidants as inulin and lycopene. In view of this, a deep and comprehensive study of the morpho-functional development of the heart under the influence of toxic factors and the use of agents with antioxidant action is relevant.