π-phase modulated monolayer supercritical lens

Qin, Fei; Liu, Boqing; Zhu, Linwei; Lei, Jianyin; Fang, Wei; Hu, Dejiao; Zhu, Yi; Ma, Wendi; Wang, Bowen; Shi, Tan; Cao, Yaoyu; Guan, Bai‐Ou; Qiu, Cheng‐Wei; Lu, Yuerui; Li, Xiangping

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20278-x

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Virus-specific lymphocytes may play an important direct role in protection, in addition to their indirect role in supporting and driving development of antibody-producing cells. Robust T cell immune responses to S, M, N and some ORF antigens are readily detected after infection (with CD4 positive cells dominating), correlate with disease severity and are durable for at least several months 16 – 18 . Furthermore, CD8 depletion studies in non-human primate (NHP) challenge studies suggest T cells also play a protective role especially when antibody levels are low 19 , 20 , 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. Accordingly, here we analyse antibodies and T cells of a recently vaccinated, UK cohort, alongside those recovering from natural infection in early 2020. We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On one hand, there are fast but pixeled modulators, spanning from commercially available liquid‐crystal‐based spatial light modulators (SLMs) or digital mirror devices, [ 15,16 ] to recent 2D materials devices. [ 17 ] On the other hand, in the last ten years, research on optical metasurfaces exploded, providing new devices with unprecedented modulation possibilities and resolution [ 8,18,19 ] but, in fact, much limited in terms of optical tunability. [ 20–22 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shapeshifting Diffractive Optical Devices

Oscurato

Reda

Salvatore

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In optical devices like diffraction gratings and Fresnel lenses, light wavefront is engineered through the structuring of device surface morphology, within thicknesses comparable to the light wavelength. Fabrication of such diffractive optical elements involves highly accurate multistep lithographic processes that in fact set into stone both the surface morphology and optical functionality, resulting in intrinsically static devices. In this work, this fundamental limitation is overcome by introducing shapeshifting diffractive optical elements directly written on an erasable photoresponsive material, whose morphology can be changed in real time to provide different on-demand optical functionalities. First a lithographic configuration that allows writing/erasing cycles of aligned optical elements directly in the light path is developed. Then, the realization of complex diffractive gratings with arbitrary combinations of grating vectors is shown. Finally, a shapeshifting diffractive lens that is reconfigured in the light-path in order to change the imaging parameters of an optical system is demonstrated. The approach leapfrogs the state-of-the-art realization of optical Fourier surfaces by adding on-demand reconfiguration to the potential use in emerging areas in photonics, like transformation and planar optics.

show abstract

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 44 ] Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. d) Schematic of rGO holograph operation from laser patterning a digital image into rGO structures (left) to wide angle 3D image creation and full color object reconstruction (right).…”

Section: Applications Of Optically Modified 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique physical properties of 2D materials enable numerous photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as saturable absorbers, [142] photodetectors, [88,118,[143][144][145] ultrathin lenses, [44,[146][147][148][149][150] photodetectors, [88,118,143] and quantum photonic devices. [78] Reduced dimensionality of on-chip devices is under particularly heavy research due to the increased demand for miniature devices.…”

Section: Photonic and Optoelectronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lasers allow local modification of 2D material electronic bandgap, [37] thickness, [25] strain, [33,[38][39][40] and chemical composition, [19,41,42] even beyond the diffraction limit. [33] The created structures and patterns can often be directly used for applications in sensors, [22] energyprocessing devices, [43] and holography [44] (Figure 1). All the major demonstrations using LDW on 2D materials are listed in Table 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical Modification of 2D Materials: Methods and Applications

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

on the same chip, which is promising for integrated electronics or photonics applications, [7] such as lasers, [8][9][10] optical modulators, [11] and photodetectors. [12] Indeed, 2D materials are an excellent candidate for postsilicone electronics due to their unique properties, versatile scaling of channel length, reduced device dimensionalities, and the possibility of creating circuits nearly at the atomic level. [13] Currently, some of the biggest challenges for 2D material synthesis include the lack of large-scale manufacturing and the necessity of harsh or arduous microand nanofabrication methods. Typical fabrication methods are based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and mechanical exfoliation from bulk crystals. The former involves a process that results in layers with relatively high concentrations of atomic impurities, [14] and the latter is limited in producing large area flakes. [14] Further fabrication steps for the incorporation of 2D materials into integrated devices typically require processes like electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching, [15] both of which can be harmful to flakes that are atomically thin.All-optical processing of 2D materials has been demonstrated to overcome limitations of the conventional synthesis methods. It is time-and cost-effective, and it is also a promising fabrication alternative over CVD and mechanical exfoliation. Optical modification processes offer selectivity, locality, directionality, tunability, less harmful conditions, and on-demand functionalities, such as optical doping, [16][17][18][19] oxidation, [20][21][22][23] optical thinning, [24][25][26][27][28] and phase change. [29][30][31][32] Additionally, almost all of the optical modification and fabrication methods can be used for laser-direct writing (LDW) of patterns and structures at the microscale. [33][34][35][36] The high precision of LDW is particularly advantageous in the evolving world of nanofabrication. Lasers allow local modification of 2D material electronic bandgap, [37] thickness, [25] strain, [33,[38][39][40] and chemical composition, [19,41,42] even beyond the diffraction limit. [33] The created structures and patterns can often be directly used for applications in sensors, [22] energyprocessing devices, [43] and holography [44] (Figure 1). All the major demonstrations using LDW on 2D materials are listed in Table 1. Here, we review the optically assisted synthesis and fabrication methods of 2D materials, and their state-of-theart applications, providing detailed descriptions and features of optically engineered devices using 2D materials. We have straightforwardly introduced light-matter interactions and 2D-material-light interactions, and we also present our perspectives on this emerging field.2D materials are under extensive research due to their remarkable properties suitable for various optoelectronic, photonic, and biological applications, yet their conventional fabrication methods are typically harsh and costineffective. Optical modification is demonstrated as an effective an...

show abstract

π-phase modulated monolayer supercritical lens

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Shapeshifting Diffractive Optical Devices

Optical Modification of 2D Materials: Methods and Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About