π‐Conjugated Copper Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles as Highly Sensitive Sensor for Colorimetric Detection of Biomarkers

Abstract

Though numerous nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities have been utilized as probes and sensors for detecting biological molecules, it is still challenging to construct highly sensitive detectors for biomarkers using polymeric materials. Benefiting from the π-d delocalization effect of electrons, excellent metal-chelating property, high electron transferability, and good chemical stability of πconjugated phthalocyanine, the design of the copper phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Cu-PcCP NPs) as a colorimetric sensor for a variety of biomarkers is reported. The Cu-PcCP NPs are synthesized through a simple microwave-assisted polymerization, and their chemical structures are thoroughly characterized. The colorimetric results of Cu-PcCP NPs demonstrate excellent peroxidase-like detecting activity and also great substrate selectivity than most of the reported Cu-based nanomaterials. The Cu-PcCP NPs can achieve a detection limit of 4.88 μM for the H 2 O 2 , 4.27 μM for the L-cysteine, and 21.10 μM for the glucose via a cascade catalytic system, which shows comparable detecting sensitivity as that of many earlier reported enzyme-like nanomaterials. Moreover, Cu-PcCP NPs present remarkable resistance to harsh conditions, including high temperature, low pH, and excessive salts. These highly specific π-conjugated copper-phthalocyanine nanoparticles not only overcome the current limitation of polymeric material-based sensors but also provide a new direction for designing next-generation enzyme-like nanomaterial-based colorimetric biosensors.

Ir Cluster-Anchored MOFs as Peroxidase-Mimetic Nanoreactors for Diagnosing Hydrogen Peroxide-Related Biomarkers

“…Furthermore, to validate the specificity in the detection system, the selectivity of Ir NCs @Ti-MOF toward l -Cys has been examined. When l -Cys is replaced with glycine, leucine, lysine, arginine, alanine, serine, and glutamic acid, − the absorbance intensity of oxTMB (at 652 nm) shows a similar trend to that of the control, verifying the good selectivity of Ir NCs @Ti-MOF for l -Cys (Figure b). The practical applicability of Ir NCs @Ti-MOF for detecting l -Cys was further investigated in rabbit serum.…”

Amorphization‐Modulated Metal Sulfides with Boosted Active Sites and Kinetics for Efficient Enzymatic Colorimetric Biodetection

“…[ 70 ] The thiol group, which plays a crucial role in the production of disulfide bonds during the intramolecular cross‐linking of proteins, determines how l ‐cysteine functions. [ 71 ] l ‐cysteine deficiency can lead to slow cell growth, liver damage, hair discoloration, and malabsorption syndrome. Therefore, the sensitive detection of L‐cysteine is of great importance for people's health.…”

“…It is well known that the SH group in l ‐cysteine can interact with the active centers of materials and further prevent the oxidation of TMB, which leads to color fading and the corresponding decrease in absorbance of the reaction system ( Figure a). [ 71 ] Therefore, we develop a colorimetric method based on the inhibition of l ‐cysteine for indirect detection of l ‐cysteine. Figure 6b displays that the absorbance of oxTMB at 652 nm in the presence of a‐RuS 2 gradually decreases upon raising the l ‐cysteine concentration (Figure S13, Supporting Information).…”

Electrocatalytic Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine‐Based Organic Frameworks: Building Blocks, Coordination Microenvironments, Structure‐Performance Relationships

“…The Por/Pc-COFs can expose more accessible metal active sites, which may improve catalytic activity. [98][99][100] In this part, we clearly discuss the synthesis of Por/Pc-COFs, which will be discussed as 2D layered structures or 3D networks from the perspective of linkage.…”