κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel as a Matrix for Therapeutic Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

During the last few decades, polysaccharide hydrogels attract more and more attention as therapeutic protein delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and the simplicity of the biodegradation of natural polymers. The protein retention by and release from the polysaccharide gel network is regulated by geometry and physical interactions of protein with the matrix. In the present work, we studied the molecular details of interactions between κ-carrageenan and three lipases, namely the lipases from Candida rugosa, Mucor javanicus, and Rhizomucor miehei—which differ in their size and net charge—upon protein immobilization in microparticles of polysaccharide gel. The kinetics of protein release revealed the different capability of κ-carrageenan to retain lipases, which are generally negatively charged; that was shown to be in line with the energy of interactions between polysaccharides and positively charged epitopes on the protein surface. These data create a platform for the novel design of nanocarriers for biomedical probes of enzymatic origin.

Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in Agriculture

“…Carrageenan is commonly used at the industrial level as a hydrogel to immobilize enzymes to improve stability, activity, and reusability [ 117 ]. In addition, carrageenan can be used to immobilize cells to run interesting biofactories, which can be used industrially to produce, for example, ethanol [ 118 ], or it can be used in fermentative processes [ 119 ].…”

Strontium-Induced Gelation of Sodium Alginate in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes: Elemental Analysis and Gel Structure

“…In food industry, biocompatible natural carbohydrates find extensive applications, where they are commonly used as thickeners, moisture-retaining, emulsifying, structuring, gelling or foaming agents [1][2][3][4]. Recently, the technologies for their usage in medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for tissue engineering, creation of films and coatings, development of bio-inspired materials and in many other fields have been widely developed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Fibrin-Rhamnogalacturonan I Composite Gel for Therapeutic Enzyme Delivery to Intestinal Tumors

“…In this regard, we turned to such polymers as RG and fibrin. Hydrogels, based on polysaccharides, proteins or polysaccharide–protein combinations, display original structural, physicochemical [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and medico-biological properties in drug delivery [ 19 , 20 ], tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [ 21 ], and biosensing and molecular diagnostics [ 22 ], therapy [ 23 ].…”