Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol decreases willingness to exert cognitive effort in male rats

Silveira, Mason M.; Adams, Wendy K.; Morena, Maria; Hill, Matthew N.; Winstanley, Catharine A.

doi:10.1503/jpn.150363

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…These data emphasise that not all forms of cannabinoid receptor activation produce converging effects, and animal studies aiming to model the psychoactive effects of cannabis would do well to administer THC in lieu of its synthetic counterparts. In contrast, modulating endogenous cannabinoid tone, via CB 1 receptor inverse agonism, or by inhibition of endogenous anandamide hydrolysis by FAAH, did not affect choice on the rCET (Silveira et al, 2016). Taken together with the null effects of CB 1 antagonism reported with the delay and physical effort tasks, it appears that endocannabinoid signalling does not tonically regulate decision-making, at least under non-pathological conditions (Khani et al, 2015; Pattij et al, 2007; Wiskerke et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…THC administration dose-dependently decreased choice of the difficult, high-reward option requiring accurate detection of a brief (0.2 s) light stimulus amid a five-hole array; correspondingly, rats shifted choice to the easier, low-reward option where the light stimulus was presented for a longer duration (1 s) (Silveira et al, 2016). Importantly, the lack of effect of THC on attentional accuracy suggests that the choice shift was not due to an inability to complete high-reward trials.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only one human study has attempted to relate decision-making impairments to CBD concentrations in hair (Hermann et al, 2009), and no studies have assessed how it might modulate THC’s effects. We addressed this gap in the literature by testing rats on the rCET following CBD administration (Silveira et al, 2016). While CBD had no effect in isolation, it modestly attenuated THC-induced decision-making impairments in “slacker” rats (i.e.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Silveira

Arnold

Laviolette

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Public opinion surrounding the recreational use and therapeutic potential of cannabis is shifting. This review describes new work examining the behavioural and neural effects of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, highlighting key regions within corticolimbic brain circuits. First, we consider the role of human genetic factors and cannabis strain chemotypic differences in contributing to interindividual variation in the response to cannabinoids, such as THC, and review studies demonstrating that THC-induced impairments in decision-making processes are mediated by actions at prefrontal CB1 receptors. We further describe evidence that signalling through prefrontal or ventral hippocampal CB1 receptors modulates mesolimbic dopamine activity, aberrations of which may contribute to emotional processing deficits in schizophrenia. Lastly, we review studies suggesting that endocannabinoid tone in the amygdala is a critical regulator of anxiety, and report new data showing that FAAH activity is integral to this response. Together, these findings underscore the importance of cannabinoid signalling in the regulation of cognitive and affective behaviours, and encourage further research given their social, political, and therapeutic implications.

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Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Silveira

Arnold

Laviolette

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Further, other aspects of learning and memory, such as cognitive effort, appear to be compromised following adult THC administration (Silveira et al 2017). Collectively, these findings indicate that adult cognitive functioning is disrupted following exposure to a CB1 agonist, however, less is known about the cognitive consequences following adolescent exposure to a CB1 agonist.…”

Section: Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 95%

The long-term cognitive consequences of adolescent exposure to recreational drugs of abuse

Mooney‐Leber

Gould

2018

Learn. Mem.

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During adolescence, the brain continues to undergo vital developmental processes. In turn, complex behavioral and cognitive skills emerge. Unfortunately, neurobiological development during adolescence can be influenced by environmental factors such as drug exposure. Engaging in drug use during adolescence has been a long-standing health concern, especially how it predicts or relates to drug using behavior later in life. However, recent findings suggest that other behavioral domains, such as learning and memory, are also vulnerable to adolescent drug use. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly apparent that deficits in learning and memory following adolescent drug use endure into adulthood, well after drug exposure has subsided. Although persistent effects suggest an interaction between drug exposure and ongoing development during adolescence, the exact acute and long-term consequences of adolescent drug exposure on substrates of learning and memory are not fully understood. Thus, this review will summarize human and animal findings on the enduring cognitive deficits due to adolescent drug exposure. Moreover, due to the fact that adolescents are more likely to consume drugs of abuse legally available to adults, this review will focus on alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana. Further, given the critical role of the frontal cortex and hippocampus in various learning and memory domains, the impact adolescent use of the previous listed drugs on the neurobiology within these regions will also be discussed.

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“…Cannabis causes many psychotropic effects, mainly mediated by D 9 -THC agonism of CB1 [44], which makes it unlikely to be used in natura. On the other hand, experimental studies have demonstrated several therapeutic properties of isolated cannabinoids in a number of in vitro and in vivo models [45].…”

Section: Therapeutic Uses and Mechanisms Of Action Of Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System

et al. 2018

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The endocannabinoid retrograde signaling pathway is widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it plays major roles in regulating synaptic plasticity (excitatory and inhibitory) through long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components-cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and synthesis/degradation enzymes-are expressed and are functional from early developmental stages and throughout adolescent cortical development, regulating progenitor cell fate, neural differentiation, migration and survival. This may potentially confer increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes from early cannabinoid exposure. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most studied exogenous cannabinoids, and CBD-enriched Cannabis extracts have been widely (and successfully) used as adjuvants to treat children with refractory epilepsy, and there is even a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug with purified CBD derived from Cannabis. However, there is insufficient information on possible long-term changes in the central nervous system caused by cannabinoid treatments during early childhood. Like the majority of cannabinoids, CBD is able to exert its effects directly and indirectly through the ECS, which can perturb the regulatory processes mediated by this system. In addition, CBD has a large number of non-endocannabinoid targets, which can explain CBD's effects. Here, we review the current knowledge about CBD-based therapies-pure and CBD-enriched Cannabis extracts-in studies with pediatric patients, their side effects, and their mechanisms of action regarding the central nervous system and neurodevelopment aspects. Since Cannabis extracts contain Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), we consider that pure CBD is possibly safer for young patients. Nevertheless, CBD, as well as other natural and/or synthetic cannabinoids, should be studied in more detail as a therapeutic alternative to CBD-enriched Cannabis extracts for young patients.

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Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol decreases willingness to exert cognitive effort in male rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

The long-term cognitive consequences of adolescent exposure to recreational drugs of abuse

Cannabinoid-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System

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