δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>data recording the early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion on the Midland Platform, UK

Hughes, Helen E.; Ray, David C.; Brett, Carlton E.

doi:10.1080/11035897.2013.878746

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Localities indicate areas where the ESCIE together with facies changes and/or biodiversity changes across the IBE has been recorded. References: Talent et al, 1993;Wenzel & Joachimski, 1996;Jeppsson, 1997b;Kaljo et al, 1997;Wenzel, 1997;Azmy et al, 1998;Kaljo et al, 1998;Saltzman, 2001;Kaljo et al, 2004;Cramer & Saltzman, 2005;Noble et al, 2005;Brand et al, 2006;Kaljo et al, 2007;Loydell & Frýda, 2007;Ruban, 2008;Vecoli et al, 2009;Lehnert et al, 2010;Hughes et al, 2014;Hughes & Ray, 2016. Wenzel & Joachimski (1996) East Baltic (EB) Estonia -onset of δ 13 Ccarb excursion associated with transition from shale to brown marl.…”

Section: Figures and Table Captionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

Rose

Fischer

Finnegan

et al. 2019

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Early Silurian (~431 Ma) carbonate rocks record a ca. 4.5‰ positive excursion in the stable isotopic composition of carbonate carbon ( 13 C carb). Associated with this isotopic shift is a macroevolutionary turnover pulse known as the 'Ireviken Event'. The onset of this carbon isotope excursion is commonly associated with a shallowing-upward facies transition that may have been accompanied by climatic change, as indicated by a parallel positive shift (~0.6‰) in the stable isotopic composition of carbonate oxygen (δ 18 O carb). However, the relationships among carbon cycle perturbations, faunal turnover, and environmental changes remain enigmatic. Here we present a suite of new isotopic data across the Ireviken Event from multiple sections in Gotland, Sweden. These samples preserve no systematic change in δ 18 O carb but show positive excursions of equal magnitude in both carbonate ( 13 C carb) and organic ( 13 C org) carbon. In addition, the data reveal a synchronous perturbation in sulfur isotope ratios, manifest as a ca. 7‰ positive excursion in carbonate-associated sulfate ( 34 S CAS) and a ca. 30‰ positive excursion in pyrite (δ 34 S pyr). The increase in δ 34 S pyr values is accompanied by a substantial, concomitant increase in stratigraphic variability of δ 34 S pyr. The relatively constant offset between the  13 C carb and  13 C org excursions throughout the Ireviken Event could be attributed to increased organic carbon burial, or possibly a change in the isotopic composition of CO 2 sources from weathering. However, a positive correlation between carbonate abundance and  13 C carb suggests that local to regional changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) during the shallowing-upward sequence may have been at least partly responsible for the observed excursion. The positive excursion recorded in  34 S CAS suggests a perturbation of sufficient magnitude and duration to have impacted the marine sulfate reservoir. An inverse correlation between CAS abundance and  34 S CAS supports the notion of decreased sulfate concentrations, at least locally, consistent with a concomitant increase in pyrite burial. A decrease in the offset between  34 S CAS and δ 34 S pyr values during the Ireviken Event suggests a substantial reduction in the isotopic fractionations ( pyr) expressed during microbial sulfur cycling and pyrite precipitation through this interval. Decreased  pyr and the concomitant increase in stratigraphic variation in δ 34 S pyr are typical of isotope systematics observed in modern shallow-water environments, associated with increased closed-system behavior and/or oxidative sedimentary reworking during early sediment diagenesis. While the isotopic trends associated with the Ireviken Event have been observed in multiple locations around the globe, many sections display different magnitudes of isotopic change, and moreover, are typically associated with local facies changes. Due to the stratigraphic coherence of the carbon and sulfur isotopic and abundance records across the Ireviken Event, and t...

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Section: Figures and Table Captionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

Rose

Fischer

Finnegan

et al. 2019

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Much of this island was transgressed, and a thin rudite lag and overlying coral-algal limestones were deposited during the onset of the early Sheinwoodian CIE. Notably, this transgression corresponds to a platform-wide event (fs1 of [54]), which on the southern margin of the Midland Platform (Tortworth inlier) is associated with the replacement of shallow marine sandstones by somewhat deeper marine limestones and silty mudstones and the mass occurrence of solitary rugose corals (Pycnactis Band) [54,93]. The mass occurrence of corals in association with a flooding surface and the onset of the early Sheinwoodian CIE is also reported from Baltica (Phaulactis Layer).…”

Section: Depositional Environment Of the Dolyhir And Nash Scarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silurian Transgression of a Palaeoshoreline: The Area between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands

et al. 2021

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Quarries between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands, expose a Silurian nearshore succession, which onlaps a rocky palaeotopography of the Neoproterozoic basement that had been uplifted along the Church Stretton Fault Zone. The succession documents the Aeronian to Sheinwoodian transgression of an island or islands, with the following sequence of events: deposition of shallow marine sandstones (Folly Sandstone Formation), regional uplift, preservation of a rocky shoreline and associated deposits (Dolyhir Rudite Member), deposition of limestones characterized by a profusion of coralline algae and the abundant remains of reefs (Dolyhir and Nash Scar Limestone Formation), and finally deposition of trilobitic silty mudstones (basal Coalbrookdale Formation). Facies analysis, carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) values, sequence stratigraphy, and collections of bryozoans, conodonts, thelodonts, and trilobites have been used here as a means of refining our stratigraphic understanding of this unique succession. The revised stratigraphy demonstrates many similarities with the adjoining Midland Platform and the wider Silurian world. Notable features include the globally recognized early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion and sea-level changes of regional and global extent. As one of the best examples of its kind, the palaeoshoreline and nearshore succession of Old Radnor and Presteigne acts as a depositional model for ancient rocky shores worldwide.

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“…Discrete and timespecific intervals character ized by high d 13 C carb values (i.e., positive excursions) have recently been char acterized in the wellconstrained sections of the Baltic region, Anticosti Island, and the U.K. (e.g., Munnecke et al, 2003;Kaljo and Martma, 2006;Munnecke and Männik, 2009;Hughes et al, 2014). Such signals are known to be resistant to late diagenetic alteration (Saltzman et al, 2000) and recognizable in a wide variety of facies and depositional settings (McLaughlin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Geologic Setting Early Silurian Tectonics and Paleogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence boundaries and chronostratigraphic gaps in the Llandovery of Ohio and Kentucky: The record of early Silurian paleoceanographic events in east-central North America

Sullivan¹,

McLaughlin

Brett

et al. 2016

Geosphere

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New and published data are integrated herein to resolve the age and strati graphic relationships for problematic strata of the Aeronian and Telychian (Llandovery; Silurian) in Ohio and Kentucky (USA). At least two major depo sitional sequences were traced along the eastern flank of the Cincinnati Arch; these are separated by a regionally angular unconformity with complex topog raphy. Underlying units are progressively truncated to the northwest while overlying strata change facies, condense, and onlap in the same direction.The basal unit of the upper sequence is the Waco Member of the Alger Shale Formation in Kentucky and southern Ohio and the Dayton Formation in western Ohio. A persistent, positive carbonate carbon isotope (δ 13 C carb ) ex cursion associated with the midTelychian Valgu Event is recognized in the upper subunit of the Waco Member; the absence of a comparable signal in the Dayton Formation corroborates interpretations that it is significantly younger.The correlations proposed here can be used to understand the nuanced depositional history and chronostratigraphic completeness of the lower Silurian in eastern North America. This framework can be used to characterize sealevel history and local conditions that prevailed during global paleoenvi ronmental events.

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δ¹³C_carbdata recording the early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion on the Midland Platform, UK

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

The Silurian Transgression of a Palaeoshoreline: The Area between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands

Sequence boundaries and chronostratigraphic gaps in the Llandovery of Ohio and Kentucky: The record of early Silurian paleoceanographic events in east-central North America

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δ13Ccarbdata recording the early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion on the Midland Platform, UK

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden

The Silurian Transgression of a Palaeoshoreline: The Area between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands

Sequence boundaries and chronostratigraphic gaps in the Llandovery of Ohio and Kentucky: The record of early Silurian paleoceanographic events in east-central North America

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δ¹³C_carbdata recording the early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion on the Midland Platform, UK