δ-ray simulation for the charge determination of heavy cosmic-ray primaries with the use of a CCD scanning system

Charge identification of highly ionizing particles in desensitized nuclear emulsion using high speed read-out system

“…There were also several attempts to automate the process using photometric methods [6] and image analysis taken with CCD [7]. Recently several authors of the current report demonstrated that pions and protons near the minimum ionizing region can be separated using information related to the grain density [8] in Opera films -a nuclear emulsion film developed for the OPERA experiment [9].…”