γ,γ-Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-valeric Acid

Production and catalytic transformation of levulinic acid: A platform for speciality chemicals and fuels

“…Diphenolic acid [also named 4,4-bis-(4 0 -hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid, often referred as DPA] is prepared by the condensation reaction of LA with two molecules of phenol [24,[85][86][87][88] as shown in Fig. 7.…”

Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Bisphenols Catalyzed by Lignosulfonic Acid in Water for Polycarbonate Synthesis

“…[11] However, the use of mineral acids has its disadvantages, including difficulties in separation and the production of hazardous wastes. Moreover, a high molar ratio between phenol and aldehyde is required for high regioselectivity, and separation of the p,p'-and o,p'-isomers is an energyintensive procedure.…”

Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Conversion of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidines by Reductive Amination

“…Other ligands, dppp and tppts showed low activity (entries 8-9). On lowering the catalyst loading to 0.5 mol % and 0.2 mol %, the yields were 94 % and 70 % respectively (entries [10][11]. When the reaction temperature was lowered to 80 8C, the catalyst still showed high efficiency (entries 12-15).…”

“…[5] Levulinic acid, an important platform chemical, [6] can also be produced by large-scale hydrolysis of furfurylalcohol or biobased cellulosic feedstocks. [7] Moreover, LA is a promising starting material for many different useful intermediates and fine chemicals by oxidation, [8] reduction, [9] condensation, [10] and esterification [11] (Scheme 1). For example, g-valerolactone may be used as a liquid fuel, food additive and solvent; [12] 5-aminolevulinic acid is a highly active, biodegradable, and nontoxic herbicide and insecticide.…”