γ‐Irradiation Degradation of Methamidophos

Zhao, Ren; Bao, Hongduo; Xia, Lingyun

doi:10.1002/cjoc.200990294

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the oxygen-saturated solutions of acephate after irradiation, at 9.4 kGy of the absorbed dose, the degradation rate of acephate reached 99.2%. Furthermore, the concentration of SO 22 4 was 3.84 3 10 24 mol L 21 , PO 32 4 was 1.13 3 10 24 mol L 21 , and NH 1 4 was 2.7 3 10 25 mol L 21 . It was further found that the concentration of SO 22 4 , PO 32 4 , and NH 1 4 , respectively, was 70.4%, 20.7%, and 4.9% of the concentration of acephate which had degraded.…”

Section: The Concentration Of Ion In Solution After Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…When compared with the solutions saturated with air, the concentrations of ions in the solutions saturated with oxygen were large, especially the concentration of PO 32 4 . At 5.3 kGy of the absorbed dose, the ratio of concentration of PO 32 4 in solution saturated with oxygen to that with air was 6.1, the ratio of SO 22 4 was 2.8, and the ratio of NH 1 4 was 1.5. Therefore, it could be deduced that the oxygen is useful to degrade and mineralize the acephate, and obviously turn the phosphorus group into PO 32 4 .…”

Section: The Concentration Of Ion In Solution After Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The increase of concentration of NH 1 4 and PO 32 4 was relatively slower than that of SO 22 4 . At 7.1 kGy of the absorbed dose, the degradation concentration of acephate was 4.0 3 10 24 mol L 21 , and the concentration of SO 22 4 was 6.2 3 10 25 mol L 21 , PO 32 4 was 1.1 3 10 25 mol L 21 , and NH 1 4 was 9.1 3 10 26 mol L 21 . Furthermore, the concentration of SO 22 4 , NH 1 4 , and PO 32 4 , respectively, was 15.5%, 2.8%, and 2.3% of the degradation concentration of acephate.…”

Section: The Irradiation Degradation Of Acephate In Deaerated Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The temperatures of the chromatographic column, the detector, and inject port were 120 C, 250 C, and 250 C, respectively. The nitrogen was used as carrier gas at a 0.8 kg cm 22 pre-column pressure. The inject volume was 1 lL, and the splitter volume was zero.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The degradation and mineralization of acephate by ionization irradiation

Yang

Gao

Liu

et al. 2014

Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy

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The degradation and mineralization of acephate in aqueous solutions by 60Co‐γ irradiation were investigated. The acephate was dissolved in different pH buffer solutions and purged for 30 min using anticipate gas. It was found that the degradation ratio of acephate increased gradually with the absorbed dose, and the inorganic ions, SO42−, PO43−, and NH4+, were generated in the irradiated solutions. For the solutions without oxygen, the degradation ratio of acephate in N2‐saturated solutions containing t‐BuOH was the highest, and that in N2‐saturated solutions was higher than that in N2O‐saturated solutions. However, the total concentration of inorganic ions in N2O‐saturated solutions was higher than that in the other solutions. Moreover, the concentration of NH4+ in N2‐saturated solutions containing t‐BuOH was larger than that of SO42− and PO43−, whereas in N2‐ or N2O− saturated solutions, the concentrations of inorganic ions were in the order of SO42− > PO43− > NH4+. In the air‐saturated and O2‐saturated solutions, it was found that the concentration of inorganic ions generated was in the order of SO42− > PO43− > NH4+. The degradation degree of acephate and the concentrations of inorganic ions in O2‐saturated solutions were higher than those in the air‐saturated solutions. The result showed that both of the oxidative and reductive radicals could degrade the acephate, and the oxidative could improve the mineralization of acephate. It was further concluded that it was easier for the reductive radicals to attack the bonds around N than other bonds around S and P, and the SC and PS bond are easily attacked by oxidative radicals. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 324–332, 2015

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Section: The Concentration Of Ion In Solution After Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Concentration Of Ion In Solution After Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Irradiation Degradation Of Acephate In Deaerated Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Gas Chromatography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The degradation and mineralization of acephate by ionization irradiation

Yang

Gao

Liu

et al. 2014

Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy

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“…In order to further check the validity of our theory, we perform exact two-active-electron (TAE) calculation for a model hydrogen molecule with both electrons moving in one dimension. The soft-core Coulomb potential has the form of |V (x)| = 1 √ ǫ+x 2 with ǫ N = 0.7 and ǫ e = 1.2375 for the electron-nucleus and electron-electron interaction [30]. The energies of the neutral and the cation are found of -2.2085 a.u.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical core polarization of two-active-electron systems in strong laser fields

Zhao

Yuan

2014

Phys. Rev. A

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The ionization of two-active-electron systems by intense laser fields is investigated theoretically. In comparison with time-dependent Hartree-Fock and exact two electron simulation, we show that the ionization rate is overestimated in SAE approximation. A modified single-active-electron model is formulated by taking into account of the dynamical core polarization. Applying the new approach to Ca atoms, it is found that the polarization of the core can be considered instantaneous and the large polarizability of the cation suppresses the ionization by 50% while the photoelectron cut-off energy increases slightly. The existed tunneling ionization formulation can be corrected analytically by considering core polarization.PACS numbers: 33.80. Rv, 42.50.Hz, 42.65.Re Various of non-perturbative phenomena occurring during atom-laser interactions are started with single ionization, e.g., above threshold ionization (ATI) and high harmonic generation (HHG). Although they have been successfully interpreted by the rescattering model based on single active electron (SAE) approximation (see Reviews e.g., [1,2]), detailed examination showed that multielectron effects are embedded in the photon and electron spectra [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It is found that high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from molecules records interference of different channels suggesting more than one molecular orbitals are involved [3] and electron rearrangement is occuring [4], which is certainly beyond the scope of the SAE theory. On the other hand, two-electron events such as non-sequential double ionization can not be explained either without considering the electron-electron interaction [10]. It is thus desirable to examine in details the multielectron effects occurring in the ionization of atomic systems beyond SAE.The single ionization of atoms in strong laser fields can be pictured as tunneling of one electron through the barrier formed by the atomic potential and the laseratom dipole interaction. The Keldysh parameter measures the ratio of tunneling time to the optical period, γ = I p /2U p , where I p = κ 2 /2 is the ionization potential and U p = E 2 /4ω 2 is the ponderomotive energy of a free electron in a laser field of strength E and frequency of ω. When γ < 1, tunnel ionization occurs so rapid that the electric field can be considered as a static field at each instant. The so-called adiabatic approximation is the root of Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) -like theories [11] for obtaining ionization rates. Based on this picture, the rate is mainly determined by the unitless quantity κ 3 /E with κ 3 representing the atomic field strength at the classical radius of the electron motion.It is obvious that the adiabatic approximation will break down if the atomic potential acting on the tunneling electron is varing sooner than the tunneling time. For more than one electron systems, the core can be polarized by the laser fields, hence the atomic potential is time-varying. In the case of absence of resonant excitation, the polarization is instantaneou...

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Effect of Particle Image Velocimetry Setting Parameters on Local Velocity Measurements in an Agitated Vessel

et al. 2019

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Although they are obtained under the same conditions, results on the flow field in an agitated vessel achieved using particle image velocimetry (PIV) may vary due to differences in the PIV conditions. The influence on turbulence characteristics of the main PIV setting parameters, i.e., PIV spatial resolution, sampling frequency, and recording time, was investigated. Tests were performed with three different liquids in a developed turbulent field for a Rushton turbine impeller using two‐dimensional time‐resolved PIV. To obtain the relevant velocity gradients, a minimum recording time is needed. No effect of sampling frequency was observed if the sampling frequency was higher than approximately 17 times the impeller frequency, which is about three times the impeller blade frequency.

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γ‐Irradiation Degradation of Methamidophos

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

The degradation and mineralization of acephate by ionization irradiation

The degradation and mineralization of acephate by ionization irradiation

Dynamical core polarization of two-active-electron systems in strong laser fields

Effect of Particle Image Velocimetry Setting Parameters on Local Velocity Measurements in an Agitated Vessel

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