β-Vinyl substituted calix[4]pyrrole as a selective ratiometric sensor for cyanide anion

Abstract

A new calix[4]pyrrole-based, dual functional, chemodosimetric sensor was developed and studied as a cyanide selective indicator; complete color bleaching was observed even in the co-presence of an excess of other anions.

Strapped Calix[4]pyrroles Bearing a 1,3-Indanedione at a β-Pyrrolic Position: Chemodosimeters for the Cyanide Anion

“…Most of these, rely on changes in fluorescence intensity, produced upon cyanide anion binding, to generate the desired sensory effect; however, others take advantage of chemical reactions and associated color changes to reveal the presence of the cyanide anion. 2 Despite these recent advances, there are still relatively few examples of selective probes for the cyanide anion, particularly those that display limited interference in the co-presence of other anions. In this context it is worth noting that several ratiometric systems have been reported recently that are attractive because they allow monitoring at multiple wavelengths; these include systems based on squaraine, 3 acridinium salts, 4 oxazine, 5 trifluoroacetophenone derivatives, 6 and benzil derivatives, 7 many of which rely on the nucleophilic property of the cyanide anion to produce the observable physico-chemical changes.…”

Entrapment of Toxic Anions using Calixarenes Framework

“…and find applications in material chemistry. [44][45][46][47][48] Some instances of previous works are, Gale reported the synthesis of fluorescent anthracene-calyx 4 pyrrole conjugates which can detect the presence of anions like (e.g. F -, Cl -, H 2 PO 4 -) through quenching of their fluorescence.…”

Colorimetric Sensor Design

“…The most basic design utilizes irreversible binding between the analyte and the chemodosimeter. Common targets include cyanide [133,134] and fluoride anions because of the strong interaction they have with certain functionalities. As an example, Tian and coworkers developed a chemodosimeter for the detection of fluoride that employed a subphthalocyanine derivative (18), consisting of three isoindoles in a ring, with boron as the central metal atom (Fig.…”