β-Pyrrole functionalized porphyrins: Synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in sensing and DSSC

Sn(iv)-porphyrinoids for photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial chemotherapy

“…To overcome these drawbacks, extensive research has been undertaken to develop other porphyrin and metal-porphyrin-based PDT agents. [8][9][10][11] Functionalization and modification at the β (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18) and meso (5,10,15,20) positions can be used to fine-tune the optical and redox properties (Fig. 2).…”

“…2). 12,13 Metallation of the porphyrin core with a diamagnetic metal ion enhances the rate of ISC via the heavy-atom effect. It leads to a greater population of the T 1 state, followed by energy transfer to molecular oxygen to form cytotoxic 1 O 2 .…”

Regioselective 2,3-disubstituted porphyrins: synthesis, spectral, structural and electrochemical properties

“…Metalloporphyrins are ubiquitous in nature and have various fascinating physicochemical and electrochemical redox properties, 4,5 on account of which they are engaged in a number of biological activities, such as oxygen activation (cytochrome), photosynthesis (chlorophyll), oxygen storage and transport (haemoglobin), [6][7][8] electron transport in redox processes and bio-catalysis. 9,10 Porphyrinoids have some astounding properties, such as intense assimilation in the visible-light region, high thermal and chemical stability, pliable architectural alleviation to alter the optoelectronic and physicochemical framework, and, as a result, substituted porphyrins as well their metal derivatives have been exploited as sensitizers in solar cells (DSSCs), [11][12][13] molecular sensors, 14,15 nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, [16][17][18] catalysts, [19][20][21] sorbents and in photodynamic therapy (PDT). [22][23][24][25][26] Porphyrins and their metal-complexes can be modified and adapted to the requirements of various applications by monitoring the substituents attached to the porphyrin skeleton, and hence the synthetic modification of the porphyrin ring at peripheral positions (at both meso as well b-positions) has made porphyrins a research hotspot over the years.…”

Bioinspired porphyrin–peptide supramolecular assemblies and their applications

“…Porphyrin compounds are a class of achiral, square plane, highly conjugated substances with 18p electrons, which are composed of four pyrrole units connected by methylene bonds. [1][2][3][4] Unsubstituted porphyrins are protoporphyrins, which are the simplest porphyrins. This macrocyclic aromatic compound has various fascinating physicochemical properties.…”