β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases genes frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. Eighty isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species specific primers. The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB and blaOXA-1 genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β- Lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of beta-lactamases genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); bla CTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and bla DHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both bla AmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β- lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

Detection of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs), Carbapenemase, Metallo-β-lactamase Production Bacteria and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Hospitalized Patients with Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

“…A high prevalence of bla CTX-M gene was also found in studies conducted by Maleki et al (92%) and Founou et al (100%) (34,35). In contrast with our study, the study by Abdelrahman et al only found 32.6% bla CTX-M producer isolates (15). The frequency of bla AMP-C and bla SHV genes in our study was higher than that reported in a previous study by Abdelrahman et al in Sudan (15).…”

“…In contrast with our study, the study by Abdelrahman et al only found 32.6% bla CTX-M producer isolates (15). The frequency of bla AMP-C and bla SHV genes in our study was higher than that reported in a previous study by Abdelrahman et al in Sudan (15). In a study conducted in Egypt, 50% of isolates were positive for bla TEM gene, which was consistent with our study results (36).…”

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Description of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Meat and Meat Products

“…is resistance is mainly associated to point mutations in gyrA (encoding GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase) and parC (encoding parC subunit of topoisomerase IV) [19].…”

Association of multidrug resistance behavior of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa to pigment coloration

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are difficult to treat, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), have risen to become the leading cause of nosocomial infection in humans and pose a life-threatening threat to immunocompromised patients in health care settings [ 1 – 4 ]. In spite of the fact that limiting-dose of antibiotics given in bits may strengthen sensitive bacteria and transformed them into resistant versions, the other imperative factors such as bacterial genomic mutations and acquisition of resistance genes, particularly those encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemases through horizontal gene transfer, are also attributed to acquired resistance [ 5 – 8 ].…”