“…Of epidemiological concern, although the successful spread of plasmids encoding bla NDM -type genes has been primarily related to nosocomial settings (Wu et al, 2019), there is growing evidence of their occurrence beyond the human medicine context (Mills and Lee, 2019;Ranjan and Thatikonda, 2021). Indeed, NDM-1-producing bacteria have been increasingly reported in environmental samples (mostly in anthropogenic-impacted aquatic environments) (Ranjan and Thatikonda, 2021). More critically, NDM-1-positive bacteria have begun to be documented in wild animals (Fischer et al, 2013;Liao et al, 2019;Mairi et al, 2020), which could indicate, in part, that these criticalpriority bacteria can spill over into natural ecosystems, and then further spread in wildlife (Dolejska and Literak, 2019;Mills and Lee, 2019;Cohen et al, 2020;Mairi et al, 2020).…”