β-Glucan bioactivities from Cystobasidium benthicum in Totoaba macdonaldi thymus cells

An important polysaccharide from fermentum

“…However, the best scavenging activity was achieved by the lowest molecular weight, sGSCs1, with a scavenging activity of 42.16% at a concentration of 5 mg/mL ( Lei et al, 2015 ). In another study, Reyes-Becerril et al isolated a low molecular weight β-polysaccharide from Fermentum strain BCS004, and this low molecular weight Fermentum β-polysaccharide was able to scavenge DPPH radicals well and showed strong antioxidant activity ( Reyes-Becerril et al, 2021 ). It seems that Fermentum β-polysaccharide with a lower molecular weight has better biological activity, but this is not absolute.…”

Yeast β-Glucans as Fish Immunomodulators: A Review

“…Up to now, the main yeast strains for β-glucan extraction have been those belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae . However, non- Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have also been tested with promising results, such as Saccharomyces uvarum [ 31 ], Yarrowia lipolytica N6 [ 61 ], Sterigmatomyces halophilus [ 18 ], Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 [ 26 ], and Cystobasidium benthicum [ 22 ]. Remarkably, many studies have related β-glucan supplementation to increased disease resistance in fish.…”

“…Similarly, the β-glucan from the yeast Cystobasidium benthicum LR192 (Cb-βG) was proved to be a safe molecule in vitro after incubation in Totoaba macdonaldi thymus cells at three different doses (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL). It activated different oxidative processes in phagocytic cells, including production of ROS and RNS in the phagolysosome, and increased the mRNA levels of β-glucan receptor, macrophage differentiation and function, and proinflammatory cytokine genes [ 22 ]. Furthermore, mitochondrial ROS production could indicate a possible involvement of metabolic activity in response to immune cell activation.…”

“…For instance, β-glucan from Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 measures 689.35 kDa [ 26 ] compared to 175 kDa (bakery) [ 23 ] and 240 kDa (brewery) for S. cerevisiae [ 25 ]. However, this is an unresolved hypothesis, as there are β-glucans with low molecular weight such as the kind extracted from the yeast Cystobasidium benthicum (2.32 kDa) that have proved to be a potential immunostimulant [ 22 ].…”