β-endorphins Plasma Level is Higher in Lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Women

Кялка, Марта; Milewicz, Tomasz; Spałkowska, Magdalena; Krzyczkowska-Sendrakowska, Magdalena; Wasyl, Barbara; Pełka, A.; Krzysiek, Józef

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1564094

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Some evidence indicates that the evolution of PCOS is related to the activity of the endogenous opioid system, in which the main molecule β-endorphin is produced by the pituitary gland and may contribute to PCOS pathogenesis through central effects on gonadotropin secretion and peripheral effects on glucose metabolism. 1 – 4 In our earlier study, we found higher plasma β-endorphin level in lean PCOS women compared to the healthy controls. 4 Some data have reported that plasma opioid levels correlate with pain perception and pain threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“… 1 – 4 In our earlier study, we found higher plasma β-endorphin level in lean PCOS women compared to the healthy controls. 4 Some data have reported that plasma opioid levels correlate with pain perception and pain threshold. 5 – 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Because of studies that showed that β-endorphin levels are directly correlated to patients’ body weight, we first performed our study on lean patients only to eliminate the possible influence of overweight and obesity for β-endorphins and other hormonal parameters. 1 , 4 Second, we decided to limit our group of PCOS patients only to the lean ones to avoid the effect of fat tissue on plasma insulin and testosterone levels during metformin treatment. As the lean PCOS patients also benefit from metformin treatment in regard to reduction of androgenicity, we decided to carry out the study on lean ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levels of endorphins were measured using the Endorphin beta (human) RIA Kit RK-022-14 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) and calculated according to the Assay Protocol. 4 , 18 In all patients, the β-endorphins concentrations were measured two times – at the beginning of the study and after 6 months observation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metformin increases pressure pain threshold in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Кялка

Milewicz

Sztefko

et al. 2016

DDDT

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BackgroundDespite the strong preclinical rationale, there are only very few data considering the utility of metformin as a potential pain therapeutic in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the association between metformin therapy and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that metformin therapy in lean PCOS women increases PPT.Materials and methodsTwenty-seven lean PCOS women with free androgen index phenotype >5 and 18 lean healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Fifteen of the PCOS women were randomly assigned to be treated with metformin 1,500 mg daily for 6 months. PPT and plasma β-endorphin levels were measured in all women at the beginning of the study and after 6 months of observation.ResultsWe observed an increase in PPT values measured on deltoid and trapezius muscle in the PCOS with metformin group after 6 months of metformin administration (4.81±0.88 kg/cm2, P<0.001 on deltoid muscle, and 5.71±1.16 kg/cm2 on trapezius muscle). We did not observe any significant changes in PPT values in the PCOS without treatment group and in controls. We did not observe any significant changes in serum β-endorphin levels in any studied groups during the 6-month observation.ConclusionWe conclude that metformin therapy increases PPT in lean PCOS women, without affecting plasma β-endorphin concentration. Our results may suggest the potential role of metformin in pain therapy. We propose that larger, randomized studies on metformin impact on pain perception should be performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metformin increases pressure pain threshold in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Кялка

Milewicz

Sztefko

et al. 2016

DDDT

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“…It is a leading cause of infertility and is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MBS), diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. [ 1 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debates regarding lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative review

Goyal

Dawood

2017

J Hum Reprod Sci

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex syndrome showing the clinical features of an endocrine/metabolic disorder, including hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. Two phenotypes are present, either lean or obese, with different biochemical, hormonal, and metabolic profiles. Evidence suggests many treatment modalities that can be applied. However, many of these modalities were found to be not suitable for the lean phenotype of PCOS. Much contradictory research was found regarding lean patients with PCOS. The aim of this narrative review is to shed light on the debate prevailing regarding characteristics, as well as metabolic, hematological, and potential management modalities. Literature review was performed from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2017 with specific word search such as lean PCOS, hormonal abnormalities in lean PCOS, and the management of lean PCOS. All retrieved articles were carefully assessed, and data were obtained. We could conclude that the debate is still prevailing regarding this specific lean population with PCOS, especially with regard to their characteristics and management modalities. Further studies are still required to resolve this debate on the presence of PCOS in lean women.

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Beta endorphin in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS- and non-PCOS women

Jaschke

Lunger

Wildt

et al. 2018

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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PurposeTo compare the concentrations of beta endorphin in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS- and non-PCOS women. Secondarily, to investigate associations between beta endorphin and other parameters.MethodsFifty-nine women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Sixteen were stratified to the PCOS group using the Rotterdam criteria. The remaining 43 women served as controls. Follicular fluid was collected during oocyte retrieval and peripheral blood sampling was performed on the same day. Beta endorphin concentrations in serum and follicular fluid, serum levels of insulin, glucose, LH, estradiol and progesterone were measured. Additionally, testosterone was measured before starting the stimulation protocol.ResultsThere was no difference in beta endorphin levels between PCOS- and non-PCOS women. The concentration of the peptide was higher in serum than in FF, likely due to collection of FF after ovulation induction and corresponding to the early luteal phase. We found a significant correlation between the number of mature Metaphase II (MII) oocytes retrieved and beta endorphin concentration in FF. In women with biochemical hyperandrogenemia, beta endorphin levels in FF correlated with testosterone levels.ConclusionBeta Endorphin concentrations in serum and FF do not differ between PCOS- and non PCOS-women undergoing IVF. However, together with sex hormones, beta endorphin might play a key role in oocyte maturation.

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β-endorphins Plasma Level is Higher in Lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Women

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Metformin increases pressure pain threshold in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Metformin increases pressure pain threshold in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Debates regarding lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative review

Beta endorphin in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS- and non-PCOS women

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