β-Endorphin is processed differently in specific regions of rat pituitary and brain

Zakarian, S.; Smyth, Derek G.

doi:10.1038/296250a0

Cited by 180 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…lB-1E). Clearly, the acetylated forms of the endorphins constitute the major portion of the IR in these brain regions, which is in line with previous reports (22)(23)(24)37).…”

Section: Discuslollsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…From this region BE containing axons project to many regions throughout the brain (35,36). In the past few years a large number of p-endorphin related peptides have been identified in rat brain (21,23,37,38). In the present study we employed an antiserum recognizing the aminoacid sequence (9-16) of the P-endorphin molecule, that detects PE-(1-31) as well as its N"-acetylated and C-terminally shortened forms (e.g.…”

Section: Discuslollmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of β-endorphin-immunoreactivity in limbic brain structures of rats self-administering heroin or cocaine

1988

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Abstract-The effects of intravenous self-administration of 3Opg infusions of either heroin or cocaine, or saline on the concentrations of f3-endorphin-immunoreactivity (BE-IR) in the anterior part of the rat brain limbic system were studied. Self-administration of heroin and cocaine for 5 daily sessions resulted in a marked reduction of the concentrations of BE-IF? in the nucleus accumbens, rostra1 striatum, septum and hippocampus at the time of the scheduled next session on day 6. In pooled extracts of these regions from rats receiving saline, combined application of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and specific radioimmunoassays revealed the presence of a number of pE-related peptides co-chromatographing with synthetic non-acetylated and acetylated a, p-and y-type endorphins. Similar profiles were found after HPLC fractionation of extracts of these regions from rats self-administering heroin and cocaine. Rats self-administering heroin or cocaine, however, showed decreased amounts of all detected forms of g-endorphin as compared to saline rats. These findings indicate that both self-administration of an opiate that induces psychic as well as physical dependence and of a non-opiate stimulant inducing psychic but not physical dependence, results in a significant decrease of PE and related peptides in limbic brain regions of the rat. All forms of 6E detected after HPLC were equally affected, suggesting an overall effect of the drugs on peptide turnover. These results suggest that BE and related peptides may be involved in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying psychic dependence to drugs.

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“…lB-1E). Clearly, the acetylated forms of the endorphins constitute the major portion of the IR in these brain regions, which is in line with previous reports (22)(23)(24)37).…”

Section: Discuslollsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discuslollmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of β-endorphin-immunoreactivity in limbic brain structures of rats self-administering heroin or cocaine

1988

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“…This conclusion must be tempered by the consideration that pendorphin-(1-31) is but one of several structurally related peptides localized in brainstem neurons (Zakarian and Smyth, 1982;Smith and Funder, 1988;Loh, 1992). These include two C-terminally shortened analogs, P-endorphin-(1-27) and P-endorphin-(1-26), and the a-N-acetylated derivatives of all three peptides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the brainstem, P-endorphin-(1-31) accounts for less than 25% of total P-endorphin immunoreactivity; a-N-acetyl-P-endorphin-(1-27), a-N-acetyl-p-endorphin-(l-26) and P-endorphin-(l-26) are the predominant forms (Zakarian and Smyth, 1982). Structure-activity studies have shown that, in contrast to P-endorphin-(1-31), these post-translationally derived P-endorphin analogs have no effect on peripheral hemodynamics when injected centrally (Hirsch and Millington, 1991;van Giersbergen et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beta-Endorphin-Induced Cardiorespiratory Depression is Inhibited by Glycyl-L-Glutamine, a Dipeptide Derived from Beta-Endorphin Processing. Appendix 1

Ünal

Owen-Kummer²,

Millington³

1993

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Molecular fingerprint of neuropeptide s‐producing neurons in the mouse brain

Liu

Zeng

Zhou

et al. 2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neuropeptide S (NPS) has been associated with a number of complex brain functions, including anxiety-like behaviors, arousal, sleep-wakefulness regulation, drug-seeking behaviors, and learning and memory. In order to better understand how NPS influences these functions in a neuronal network context, it is critical to identify transmitter systems that control NPS release and transmitters that are co-released with NPS. For this purpose, we generated several lines of transgenic mice that express enhanced green-fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of the endogenous NPS precursor promoter. NPS/EGFP-transgenic mice show anatomically correct and overlapping expression of both NPS and EGFP. A total number of ∼500 NPS/EGFP-positive neurons are present in the mouse brain, located in the pericoerulear region and the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus. NPS and transgene expression is first detectable around E14, indicating a potential role for NPS in brain development. EGFP-positive cells were harvested by laser-capture microdissection, and mRNA was extracted for expression profiling by using microarray analysis. NPS was found co-localized with galanin in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus of the lateral parabrachial area. A dense network of orexin/hypocretin neuronal projections contacting pericoerulear NPS-producing neurons was observed by immunostaining. Expression of a distinct repertoire of metabotropic and ionotropic receptor genes was identified in both NPS neuronal clusters that will allow for detailed investigations of incoming neurotransmission, controlling neuronal activity of NPS-producing neurons. Stress-induced functional activation of NPS-producing neurons was detected by staining for the immediate-early gene c-fos, thus supporting earlier findings that NPS might be part of the brain stress response network.

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β-Endorphin is processed differently in specific regions of rat pituitary and brain

Cited by 180 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of β-endorphin-immunoreactivity in limbic brain structures of rats self-administering heroin or cocaine

Characterization of β-endorphin-immunoreactivity in limbic brain structures of rats self-administering heroin or cocaine

Beta-Endorphin-Induced Cardiorespiratory Depression is Inhibited by Glycyl-L-Glutamine, a Dipeptide Derived from Beta-Endorphin Processing. Appendix 1

Molecular fingerprint of neuropeptide s‐producing neurons in the mouse brain

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