β-Endorphin-immunoreactive components in human cerebrospinal fluid

Bach, Flemming W.; Ekman, Rolf; Jensen, Fiona

doi:10.1016/0167-0115(86)90018-2

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The medium was centrifuged 200 g for 5 min to precipitate cells, and the medium was stored at À20 8C. Using vacuum centrifugation, 2 mL of the medium from each repeated experiment was concentrated 10 times followed by a previously described b-endorphin radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of b-endorphin (Winther Bach et al, 1986). Immunoreactive b-endorphin levels were measured using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum (1 : 13 000; Euro-Diagnostica, Malmo È, Sweden) that recognizes the N-terminal portion with negligible cross-reactivity against blipotropin (< 1.5%).…”

Section: Radioimmunoassay Of B-endorphinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors

Persson

Thorlin

Bull

et al. 2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

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105

100

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Opioids have previously been shown to affect proliferation and differentiation in various neural cell types. In the present study, cultured rat adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs) were shown to release beta-endorphin. Membrane preparations of AHPs were found to bind [125I]beta-endorphin, and immunoreactivity for mu- and delta-opioid receptors (MORs and DORs), but not for kappa-opioid receptors (KORs), was found on cells in culture. Both DNA content and [3H]thymidine incorporation were reduced after a 48-h incubation with 100 microM naloxone, 10 micro m naltrindole or 10 microM beta-funaltrexamine, but not nor-binaltorphimine, suggesting proliferative actions of endogenous opioids against MORs and DORs on AHPs. Furthermore, analysis of gene and protein expression after incubation with MOR and DOR antagonists for 48 h using RT-PCR and Western blotting suggested decreased signalling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and lowered levels of genes and proteins that are important in cell cycling. Cultures were incubated with naloxone (10 or 100 microM) for 10 days to study the effects on differentiation. This resulted in an approximately threefold increase in neurogenesis, a threefold decrease in astrogliogenesis and a 50% decrease in oligodendrogenesis. In conclusion, this study suggests that reduced signalling through MORs and DORs decreases proliferation in rat AHPs, increases the number of in vitro-generated neurons and reduces the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in culture.

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Section: Radioimmunoassay Of B-endorphinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors

Persson

Thorlin

Bull

et al. 2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

Self Cite

105

100

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“…Experiments were performed in triplicate from three different culture dishes, and results are expressed as means ± SEM. Radioimmunoassays (RIA) using polyclonal antisera toward the C terminus (RIAc_,m;nat) or the N terminus (RIAN_term nat) of 6-EP were performed as described previously (Bach et al ., 1986) . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ß-EP was performed with the monoclonal antibody 3-E7 (Boehringer) as a competitional ELISA, following the instructions provided by Boehringer with the modification that enzyme immunoassay/RIA plates were purchased from Costar (No.…”

Section: Assay Of )3-ep Immunoreactivity and Determination Of Secretimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conditioned media from cells infected with vector B and vector C (control) were concentrated using reverse-phase SEP-PAKs (Bach et al, 1986) . Recovery of 30 ng of commercially obtained /7-EP (in 1 .7 ml of culture media) in a parallel experiment was determined as 10 .0% .…”

Section: Opioid Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrovirus‐Mediated Expression of an Artificial β‐Endorphin Precursor in Primary Fibroblasts

Beutler¹,

Banck

Bach

et al. 1995

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Peptides are of potential interest in the field of gene therapy but require modification by genetic engineering to facilitate their secretion. Amino terminal addition of a signal peptide is not always sufficient to achieve this goal, as found in this study for β‐endorphin. To overcome this problem, addition of the pre‐pro‐sequence of mouse nerve growth factor to β‐endorphin was tested. Retrovirus‐mediated expression of a hybrid construct of the pre‐pro‐sequence of nerve growth factor and human β‐endorphin in primary fibroblasts resulted in the secretion of β‐endorphin immunoreactivity at a rate of 620 pg/h/106 cells. Analysis of the secreted β‐endorphin immunoreactivity with reverse‐phase HPLC, immunoassays using three different antibodies, and an assay for the specific displacement of [3H][d‐Ala2,N‐MePhe4,Gly‐ol5]enkephalin from μ‐opioid receptors suggests that the pre‐pro‐sequence is cleaved off from the pre‐pro‐sequence/β‐endorphin construct prior to secretion, resulting in bona fide β‐endorphin. Transplantation of β‐endorphin‐secreting cells into brain or spinal cord may provide a gene therapy approach for the treatment of chronic, opioid‐sensitive pain states.

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“…We also observed labeling in the tuberal hypothalamus, including in the arcuate. The arcuate nucleus houses neurons that contain β-endorphin, which is released into CSF and thought to play a role in opioid analgesia (Winther Bach et al, 1986, Bach and Yaksh, 1995, MacMillan et al, 1998). A third group of hypothalamic neurons that has been hypothesized to act through volume transmission is the hypocretin/orexin group in the lateral hypothalamus (Del Cid-Pellitero and Garzon, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of ventricular and periventricular brain compartments

Leak

Moore

2012

Brain Research

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Synaptic transmission is divided into two broad categories on the basis of the distance over which neurotransmitters travel. Wiring transmission is the release of transmitter into synaptic clefts in close apposition to receptors. Volume transmission is the release of transmitters or modulators over varying distances before interacting with receptors. One case of volume transmission over potentially long distances involves release into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF contains neuroactive substances that affect brain function and range in size from small molecule transmitters to peptides and large proteins. CSF-contacting neurons are a well-known and universal feature of non-mammalian vertebrates, but only supra- and subependymal serotonergic plexuses are a commonly studied feature in mammals. The origin of most other neuroactive substances in CSF is unknown. In order to determine which brain regions communicate with CSF, we describe the distribution of retrograde neuronal labeling in the rat brain following ventricular injection of Cholera toxin, β subunit (CTβ), a tracer frequently used in brain circuit analysis. Within 15 to 30 minutes following intraventricular injection, there is only diffuse, non-specific staining adjacent to the ventricular surface. Within 2 to 10 days, however, there is extensive labeling of neuronal perikarya in specific nuclear groups in the telencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus and brainstem, many at a considerable distance from the ventricles. These observations support the view that ventricular CSF is a significant channel for volume transmission and identifies those brain regions most likely to be involved in this process.

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β-Endorphin-immunoreactive components in human cerebrospinal fluid

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors

Mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors

Retrovirus‐Mediated Expression of an Artificial β‐Endorphin Precursor in Primary Fibroblasts

Innervation of ventricular and periventricular brain compartments

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