Β-Endorphin AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN ARE SECRETED CONCOMITANTLY BY THE PITUITARY GLAND

Guillemin, Roger; Vargo, Therese; Rossier, Jean; Minick, Scott; Ling, Nicholas; Rivier, Catherine; Vale, Wylie; Bloom, Floyd E.

doi:10.1097/00006254-197803000-00017

Cited by 258 publications

(232 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, an accelerated hypophyseal release of ir P-EP may be regarded as a definitive response to acute stress (Guilleman et al, 1977;Millan, 1981;Mueller, 1981;Vermes et al, 1981;Akil et al, 1985;Millan and Herz, 1985). Further, many acute stressors that activate corticotrophs enhance the Iactotrophic secretion of PRL (Du Ruisseau et al, 1979;Kawakami et al, 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterations in the activity of opioid systems

Millan¹,

Członkowski²,

Pilcher³

et al. 1987

J. Neurosci.

111

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Intradermal inoculation of rats at the tail base with Mycobacterium butyricum led to the gradual development of an arthritic swelling of the limbs which peaked at 3 weeks and subsided thereafter. Arthritic rats displayed a loss of body weight, hypophagia, and hypodipsia in addition to a disruption of the diurnal rhythms of ingestive behavior and of core temperature. The activity of adenohypophyseal beta- endorphin-(beta-EP) secreting corticotrophs, in contrast to prolactin- (PRL) secreting lactotrophs, was increased in arthritic rats. Indeed, hypertrophy of the adrenal glands was seen. Arthritic rats also showed an elevation in spinal cord levels of immunoreactive dynorphin (DYN), an endogenous ligand of the kappa-opioid receptor. The paws and tail of arthritic rats showed lower thresholds in response to noxious pressure (hyperalgesia), higher thresholds in response to noxious heat (hypoalgesia), and no change in their response to noxious electrical stimulation. Neither naloxone nor ICI-154, 129 (a preferential delta- receptor antagonist) modified the responses of the paw or tail to pressure. However, MR 2266 (an antagonist with higher activity at kappa- receptors) decreased thresholds to pressure in arthritic, but not control, rats; that is, it potentiated the hyperalgesia. This action was stereospecific. None of the antagonists modified the response to heat. MR 2266 did not affect the response to pressure in rats with acute inflammation produced by yeast. Thus, the potentiation of pressure hyperalgesia by MR 2266 in chronic arthritic rats is highly selective. Arthritic rats showed a reduced response to the analgesic effect of a kappa-agonist (U-50,488H), whereas the response to a mu- agonist (morphine) was enhanced. These effects were specific to nociception in that their influence upon endocrine secretion (PRL and beta-EP) was otherwise changed. The secretion of beta-EP and PRL was stimulated by both morphine and U-50,488H, and the influence of U- 50,488H upon the release of beta-EP (from the adenohypophysis) was enhanced in arthritic rats. It is suggested that polyarthritis is a complex condition entailing many changes, both behavioral and endocrinological. Further, arthritic rats cannot simply be described as “hyperalgesic”: of critical importance is the nature of the nociceptive stimulus applied. The parallel alterations in spinal cord pools of DYN and kappa-receptors (see also Millan et al., 1986) and the changes in the influence on nociception of kappa-agonists and kappa-antagonists suggest an increased activity of spinal DYN. Thus, spinal kappa- receptors may play a role in the modulation of nociception under chronic pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterations in the activity of opioid systems

Millan¹,

Członkowski²,

Pilcher³

et al. 1987

J. Neurosci.

111

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“…Since ACTH and H-endorphin arise from a common precursor in the pituitary gland (53), concomitant changes in response to diet or exercise in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the adrenals may frequently occur. Recently Quigley et al (54) reported that a single meal caused a simultaneous increase in prolactin and cortisol.…”

Section: Age In 'Cmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, environmental factors and prostatic cancer

Hill¹,

Garbaczewski²,

Walker

1984

Medical Hypotheses

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Although prostatic cancer is evident late in life, pathological evidence suggests this disease is initiated earlier in life. As prostatic cancer is an endocrine associated disease and as adult hormone profiles are established during puberty, it was of interest whether difference in pubertal hormone levels occurred in populations at low or high risk for prostatic cancer. Accordingly we have investigated the hormone profiles in rural Black South African and urban white boys during puberty. It has been suggested that the timing of puberty is modified by environmental factors and that there is a concomitant control of gonadotrophin release and food intake by CNS-peptide hormones. It is therefore postulated that dietary factors during puberty modify the gut-CNS peptide hormones which in turn control the hypothalamic-pituitarytesticular axis. Distinct difference in plasma androgen and gonadotrophins between the two races are in part concordant with a modification of CNS-peptide hormones by environmental factors during puberty.

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“…Thus, the present investigation was aimed at evaluating the stressful effect of myiasis on the release of proopiomelanocortin-derived (POMC-derived) peptides, immunoreactive {1-endorphin ({1-EP) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary, and cortisol from the adrenal of the sheep, as part of a continuing study of hormonal indicators of stress affecting the sheep (Fell et al 1985;Shutt et al 1987). These hormones were selected as they have been shown to be secreted in increased amounts into the blood circulation in response to certain stressors (Guillemin et al 1977). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Myiasis and Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive , ß-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Cortisol in the Sheep

Shutt¹,

Smith²,

Wallace³

et al. 1988

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Cutaneous myiasis in sheep arising from the activity of Lucilia cuprina larvae can result in significant physiological changes in susceptible animals. The stress imposed on the pituitary-adrenal axis of the sheep in response to myiasis and acute restraint is the subject of this investigation. Merino wethers were exposed to handling restraint, and blood sampling, during examination for blowfly strike; where necessary, they were treated for cutaneous myiasis. Significant changes in the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive J3-endorphin (J3-EP), ACTH and cortisol were found in sheep with extensive myiasis, as compared with unstruck sheep or those with only localized myiasis. In five susceptible sheep with extensive cutaneous myiasis, mean plasma levels of J3-EP, ACTH and cortisol were 307 ± 71 pg ml-1, 953 ± 58 pg ml-1 and 232 ± 46 nmoll-1 respectively, compared with 818 ± 89 pg ml-1, 641 ± 41 pg ml-1 and 107 ± 17 nmol I-I in six unstruck sheep handled similarly. Whereas significant increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol can result from pituitary-adrenal responses to acute emotional or surgical stress, and are usually accompanied by a concomitant release of J3-EP from the pituitary, the present findings indicate a marked reduction in J3-EP levels and a significant increase in ACTH and cortisol in sheep following blowfly strike and acute handling restraint. This result suggests that cutaneous myiasis in susceptible sheep can alter the pituitaryadrenal response to acute restraint stress, and this could occur either by an alteration of precursor processing in the pituitary or by the selective release of ACTH.

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Β-Endorphin AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN ARE SECRETED CONCOMITANTLY BY THE PITUITARY GLAND

Cited by 258 publications

References 0 publications

A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterations in the activity of opioid systems

A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterations in the activity of opioid systems

Age, environmental factors and prostatic cancer

Effect of Myiasis and Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive , ß-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Cortisol in the Sheep

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