β-Cyclodextrin Grafted Cellulose and Cationic Starch for Antibacterial Paper Products: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Two kinds of macromolecules applied in papermaking were modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and loaded with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) in an attempt to compare their potential applications in antimicrobial paper. β-CD grafted cellulose (β-CD-Cel) and β-CD grafted cationic starch (β-CD-CS) were prepared by grafting β-CD onto cellulose fiber and cationic starch using citric acid (CA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as crosslinking agents, respectively. β-CD-Cel and β-CD-CS were both loaded with an antimicrobial agent (CipHCl) to form inclusion complexes, namely β-CD-Cel-CipHCl and β-CD-CS-CipHCl. Furthermore, the inclusion complexes were added to the pulp to prepare antibacterial paper. The antimicrobial activity and physical properties of the paper were investigated. The results showed that the paper with both inclusion complexes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial activity with β-CD-CS-CipHCl was higher than that with β-CD-CelCipHCl. Moreover, the addition of both β-CD-Cel-CipHCl and β-CD-CSCipHCl affected the tensile and tear strengths of the paper. The paper with β-CD-CS-CipHCl had better physical properties than that with β-CDCel-CipHCl because the CS acts as a reinforcing agent in papermaking. These prepared antibacterial paper sheets may be useful for preventing wound and nosocomial infections in the medical and packaging fields.

Functionalized bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers as long‐lasting drug nanocarrier for antibiotics and anticancer drugs

“…In the current study, a two‐step reaction was employed in order to obtain a higher grafting ratio of βCD and to reduce the side effects on the cellulose nanowhiskers . In addition, the optimal reaction conditions were examined and used as reported by Dong et al Accordingly, the grafting ratio was enhanced by increasing reaction temperature with an upper limit of 160 °C, reducing the heating time to 15 min, and maintaining the CA‐βCD concentration at 300 g/L for each gram of BCNC. The results of the grafting reactions are listed in Table .…”

“…Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a series of cyclic and non‐reducing oligosaccharides that have doughnut‐like structures with hydrophobic inner cavities and hydrophilic outer surfaces . CDs do not elicit an immune response due to its biocompatibility and low toxicities . Among them, βCD is the most commercially attractive system due to its low water solubility and availability for low‐cost production .…”

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanowhisker‐reinforced‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffold for tissue‐engineering applications

“…In the second reaction step, 3 g of the previously prepared CA‐βCD and 0.1 g of SHP were dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water, followed by the addition of 20 mL of 0.5 wt % BCNC suspension was preultrasonicated for 10 min. The reaction proceeded at 160 °C for 15 min to obtain higher grafting density . After the reaction, excess solution was removed by decantation, and then, the suspension was washed with acetone and distilled water through multicentrifugation cycles until it become neutral.…”

Efficient Detection and Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Cyclodextrin‐Modified Cellulose

“…Reported herein are the successful results of our efforts to adapt cyclodextrin-promoted energy transfer to solid-state systems, and the use of such systems for the detection of five PAHs (Figure 2, compounds 1-5) in real-world environments. We utilize precedent from the textile industries on the covalent attachment of cyclodextrin to cellulose [26][27][28] to facilitate high yielding surface functionalization of cellulose with β-cyclodextrin. These functionalized papers were then used for the solid-state detection of PAHs via energy transfer on cellulose paper to a near-infrared emitting squaraine fluorophore (Figure 2, compounds 6-7), followed by PAH-induced squaraine emission.…”