β-CD Dimer-immobilized Ag Assembly Embedded Silica Nanoparticles for Sensitive Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

We designed a β-CD dimer on silver nanoparticles embedded with silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs) structure to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Silica NPs were utilized as a template for embedding silver NPs to create hot spot structures and enhance the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal, and a thioether-bridged dimeric β-CD was immobilized on Ag NPs to capture PAHs. The assembled Ag NPs on silica NPs were confirmed by TEM and the presence of β-CD dimer on Ag@SiO2 was confirmed by UV-vis and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The β-CD dimer@Ag@SiO2 NPs were used as SERS substrate for detecting perylene, a PAH, directly and in a wide linearity range of 10−7 M to 10−2 M with a low detection limit of 10−8 M. Also, the β-CD dimer@Ag@SiO2 NPs exhibited 1000-fold greater sensitivity than Ag@SiO2 NPs in terms of their perylene detection limit. Furthermore, we demonstrated the possibility of detecting various PAH compounds using the β-CD dimer@Ag@SiO2 NPs as a multiplex detection tool. Various PAH compounds with the NPs exhibited their distinct SERS bands by the ratio of each PAHs. This approach of utilizing the assembled structure and the ligands to recognize target has potential for use in sensitive analytical sensors.

Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

“…Metal nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectros-copy (SERS) is a powerful technique to provide fingerprint information for trace chemicals. It has been largely applied for identification and detection of organic contaminants in water, particularly PAHs, e.g., phenanthrene and fluorene [40], naphthalene and pyren [41], anthracene and pyrene [42], and the mixture of PAHs [43,44]. In these studies, metallic nanostructures were functionalized by hydrophobic films (e.g., glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate, 10-decanethiol monolayer, or β-cyclodextrin) to allow preconcentration of nonpolar molecules on the nanostructure surface.…”

“…The chemical identities and concentration of each chemical are analyzed by their distinct Raman signatures, amplified under the plasmonic effect. Figure 3 shows the example where β-CD dimer on silver nanoparticles embedded with silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO 2 NPs) structure is fabricated for detecting PAHs [44]. A thioether-bridged dimeric β-CD was immobilized on Ag surface to capture PAHs.…”

Application of biosensors in the petrochemical industry: a mini review on the sensing platforms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detection

“…8 The group of conventional assays for PAHs detection include liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 9 In this regard, Hahm et al 9 enlist two important negative aspects of the chromatography: the longtime required for sample preparation and the incompatibility of the hydrocarbons with the chromatographic column. Behera et al 10 confirm the difficulty in preparing the samples as a major issue in using aforementioned techniques for detecting PAHs, mainly because of the volatility and lipophilic nature of these compounds that can alter their integrity from the collection to the analysis.…”

SERS-Based Flavonoid Detection Using Ethylenediamine-β-Cyclodextrin as a Capturing Ligand

“…Recently, our group reported the use of β-CD-dimer-assembled SERS substrates, which generate significantly enhanced Raman signals, for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [ 38 ]. In this study, ethylenediamine-modified β-CD (Et-β-CD), which exhibits high affinity for flavonoids, was immobilized on Ag-NP-embedded silica NPs (SiO 2 @Ag@Et-β-CD NPs), which were used as a powerful SERS substrate for the detection of flavonoids, namely hesperetin (Hes), naringenin (Nar), quercetin (Que), and luteolin (Lut).…”