β-Carotene and α-tocopherol are synergistic antioxidants

Palozza, Paola; Krinsky, Norman I.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90658-j

Cited by 389 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Synergism between carotenoid Table 1 and antioxidant has also been observed in membrane model system (Haila et al 1998). The protection of β-carotene from being degraded has been attributed to the recycling of one electron oxidized β-carotene by the antioxidant α-tocopherol (Palozza and Krinsky 1992). Carotenoids are known to have antioxidant property (Burton 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Stability of carotenoids recovered from shrimp waste and their use as colorant in fish sausage

Sachindra

Mahendrakar

2010

J Food Sci Technol

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The stability of carotenoids recovered from shrimp waste using organic solvents and vegetable oils as affected by antioxidants and pigment carriers was evaluated during storage under different conditions. Solvent extracted carotenoid incorporated into alginate and starch as carriers was stored in metallised polyester and polypropylene pouches. Oil extracted carotenoids were stored in transparent and amber bottles. Also the use of recovered pigments as colorants in fi sh sausage was evaluated. Antioxidants, packaging material and storage period had a signifi cant effect (p<0.001) on the reduction of carotenoid content, while type of carrier had marginal effect (p>0.05) on solvent extracted carotenoids during storage. Carotenoid content in pigmented oil was signifi cantly affected by antioxidants (p<0.001), packaging material (p<0.05) and storage period (p<0.001). Addition of carotenoid to the sausage enhanced the sensory colour, fl avour and overall quality score of sausage and the added carotenoid was stable during processing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Stability of carotenoids recovered from shrimp waste and their use as colorant in fish sausage

Sachindra

Mahendrakar

2010

J Food Sci Technol

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“…Both antioxidants act as a tandem in radical defense (Palozza and Krinsky 1992;Fryer 1992) and should therefore be able to provide protection against oxidative stress in Urospora. In snow algae, alleviation against light stress is regulated by the accumulation of secondary carotenoids rather than by increased α-tocopherol synthesis (Remias et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural responses of the green macroalga Urospora penicilliformis from Arctic Spitsbergen to UV radiation

2009

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Exposure of the filamentous turf green alga Urospora penicilliformis to ambient and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) revealed a considerable resilient species. This explains the ability of this alga to thrive in the middleupper intertidal zones of the Arctic sea where it is periodically exposed to environmental extremes. A transient UVR effect on photosynthesis under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) + UV-A and PAR + UV-A + UV-B was found, but dynamic recovery of photoinhibition was observed immediately after reduction of the photon fluence rate of PAR in the absence or presence of background UVR under laboratory and natural solar radiation, respectively. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) concentrations were not significantly different between freshly collected samples and filaments exposed to additional laboratory radiation treatment. The ultrastructure of the U. penicilliformis gametophytes showed that the cells are well adapted to UVR. No significant ultrastructural alterations were observed in filaments exposed to different spectral irradiance in the laboratory compared to in situ acclimated specimen. The antioxidant α-tocopherol was detected in minute quantity while the search for flavonoid-like compounds was negative. Other UV screening strategies or certain genetically fixed physiological protective mechanism could be operating in this species responsible for their occurrence in higher shoreline and ecological success. Further molecular and biochemical studies are needed to elucidate the stress resistance in this turf alga. There is an indication that the extremely thick cell wall of U. penicilliformis gametophytes covered with mucilage sheath and dense layer of mineral depositions may provide a shield against unfavorable environmental conditions in general and against UVR in particular.

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“…In this way, the two types of antioxidants might complement each other in lipid bilayers. Moreover, combinations of carotenoid, especially zeaxanthin and a-tocopherol, have been shown to exert a synergistic protection against lipid peroxidation in vitro (Palozza and Krinsky, 1992;Bö hm et al, 1997;Wrona et al, 2004). This effect was explained in terms of preservation of free radicalmediated degradation of one antioxidant by the other.…”

Section: Zeaxanthin and Vitamin E Protect Lipids In An Additive Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeaxanthin Has Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity with Respect to All Other Xanthophylls in Arabidopsis Leaves and Functions Independent of Binding to PSII Antennae

2007

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The ch1 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lacks chlorophyll (Chl) b. Leaves of this mutant are devoid of photosystem II (PSII) Chl-protein antenna complexes and have a very low capacity of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence. Lhcb5 was the only PSII antenna protein that accumulated to a significant level in ch1 mutant leaves, but the apoprotein did not assemble in vivo with Chls to form a functional antenna. The abundance of Lhca proteins was also reduced to approximately 20% of the wild-type level. ch1 was crossed with various xanthophyll mutants to analyze the antioxidant activity of carotenoids unbound to PSII antenna. Suppression of zeaxanthin by crossing ch1 with npq1 resulted in oxidative stress in high light, while removing other xanthophylls or the PSII protein PsbS had no such effect. The tocopherol-deficient ch1 vte1 double mutant was as sensitive to high light as ch1 npq1, and the triple mutant ch1 npq1 vte1 exhibited an extreme sensitivity to photooxidative stress, indicating that zeaxanthin and tocopherols have cumulative effects. Conversely, constitutive accumulation of zeaxanthin in the ch1 npq2 double mutant led to an increased phototolerance relative to ch1. Comparison of ch1 npq2 with another zeaxanthinaccumulating mutant (ch1 lut2) that lacks lutein suggests that protection of polyunsaturated lipids by zeaxanthin is enhanced when lutein is also present. During photooxidative stress, a-tocopherol noticeably decreased in ch1 npq1 and increased in ch1 npq2 relative to ch1, suggesting protection of vitamin E by high zeaxanthin levels. Our results indicate that the antioxidant activity of zeaxanthin, distinct from NPQ, can occur in the absence of PSII light-harvesting complexes. The capacity of zeaxanthin to protect thylakoid membrane lipids is comparable to that of vitamin E but noticeably higher than that of all other xanthophylls of Arabidopsis leaves.

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β-Carotene and α-tocopherol are synergistic antioxidants

Cited by 389 publications

References 25 publications

Stability of carotenoids recovered from shrimp waste and their use as colorant in fish sausage

Stability of carotenoids recovered from shrimp waste and their use as colorant in fish sausage

Physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural responses of the green macroalga Urospora penicilliformis from Arctic Spitsbergen to UV radiation

Zeaxanthin Has Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity with Respect to All Other Xanthophylls in Arabidopsis Leaves and Functions Independent of Binding to PSII Antennae

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