β-Carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations in women of European descent

Abstract

SNPs in BCMO1 are associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations. Given adequate sample size, the gene scores may be useful surrogates for carotenoid exposure in future studies.

A Combination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Interindividual Variability in Dietary β-Carotene Bioavailability in Healthy Men

“…Candidate genes included those for which the encoded protein has previously been shown to be involved in b-carotene uptake by the enterocyte in vitro (39)(40)(41)(42), genes that have been suggested to be involved (directly or indirectly) in enterocyte metabolism of fat-soluble micronutrients (43,44), and genes that have been associated with circulating b-carotene or retinol concentration in genome-wide (27,45) or candidate gene (46,47) association studies. Consequently, 31 genes were selected (Supplemental Table 2), representing 2570 SNPs.…”

Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration

“…Candidate genes included those of which their encoded proteins have been shown by in vitro methods to be involved in lutein uptake by the enterocyte [ie, scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (SCARB1) and NPC1L1 (22,24)], genes that are suspected to be involved, directly or indirectly, in enterocyte lutein metabolism, [ie, liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) (25), and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)], and genes that have been associated in genome-wide association studies (26) or candidate gene association studies (18,28,37) with blood lutein concentrations. This choice resulted in the selection of 28 genes (see Supplementary Table 1 under "Supplemental data" in the online issue), which represented 2091 SNPs on arrays.…”

“…The enterocyte contains 2 enzymes that can be involved in carotenoid metabolism within the enterocyte b,b-carotene-15,15#-monooxygenase (BCMO1), which has been associated with blood lutein status (16,19,(26)(27)(28), and b,b-carotene-9,10#-oxygenase (BCO2), the involvement of which in lutein metabolism has recently been shown (29). The fraction of carotenoid that is not metabolized by these enzymes is incorporated into chylomicrons, which are secreted into the lymph and enter the bloodstream.…”

Nutrigenetics

“…Nevertheless, it appears that fasting blood RET concentration can also be modulated by genetic variations in proteins/enzymes located in tissues. Indeed, an association between SNPs in BCO1 and blood RET was found [104], suggesting that provitamin A carotenoids significantly participate in blood RET concentrations. Finally, a recent study has found an association between an SNP in PNPLA3 and blood RET concentration in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or obesity [105].…”

“…Concerning fasting blood βC concentration, one GWAS [106] and two candidate gene association studies [104,107] …”