“…[26][27][28] One strategy for the synthesis of IR NLO crystals is to combine intrinsically non-centrosymmetric (NCS) moieties into the one crystalline material. Examples of such NCS moieties include transition-metal cations with d 0 electron configurations that are susceptible to second-order Jahn-Teller (SOJT) distortions (V 5+ , Ti 4+ , Nb 5+ , Mo 6+ , W 6+ , Ta 5+ ), [29][30][31][32][33] stereochemically-active lone-pair-containing cations (Pb 2+ , Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ , Sn 2+ ), 30,[34][35] and d 10 transition-metal ions with polar displacements (Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu + , Ag + ). [36][37][38] For example, the Sb 3+ cation possesses stereochemically-active lone-pair electrons and, as a result, tends to form asymmetric building units such as SbS 3 pyramids, SbS 4 "see-saw" polyhedra, SbS 5 square pyramids, or Sb 2 S 5 dimers, 39 while the Ag + cation (as a d 10 late-transition-metal ion) prefers to bond with sulfur.…”