β-barium borate single crystal grown by a direct Czochralski method

Itoh, Kuniaki; Μarumo, F.; Kuwano, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(90)90051-l

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Here a high temperature gradient near the melt surface has to be used in order to adjust a sufficient supercooling of the melt below the phase transition temperature to obtain b-BaB 2 O 4 directly. Crystals grown by this technique are of up to 18 mm in diameter and 70 mm in length [56,57] but may be internally stressed due to the high temperature gradient applied. b-BaB 2 O 4 for efficient waveguide-based frequency converters, modulators, and switches used as components for advanced integrated optic systems is also grown in thin films of about 3.5±5 mm.…”

Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics

Becker¹

1998

Adv. Mater.

1,368

757

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Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics

Becker¹

1998

Adv. Mater.

1,368

757

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“…The flux method and the Czochralski method have been used for the growth of fl-BaB204 single crystals [9][10][11]. The structure of melt is closely related to the nucleation of fi-BaB204 from melt, and reflects the structure and crystallinity of starting powders [11]. Recently, the preparation of oriented thin films of fi-BaB204 has been receiving great attention because of its applications in integrated non-linear optical devices.…”

Section: O Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fl-BBO is one of the useful materials for the phase matching in the ultraviolet frequency region. The flux method and the Czochralski method have been used for the growth of fl-BaB204 single crystals [9][10][11]. The structure of melt is closely related to the nucleation of fi-BaB204 from melt, and reflects the structure and crystallinity of starting powders [11].…”

Section: O Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of β-BaB2O4 thin films through metal organics

Yogo

Kikuta

Niwa

et al. 1997

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Abstract. ]~-BaB204 (/%BBO) thin films were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method using metalloorganic compounds. A stable BBO precursor solution was prepared from barium metal and boron triethoxide or 2,4,6-triethoxycyclotriboroxane in a mixture solvent of ethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol. As-precipitated powder formed by hydrolysis of the precursor solutions Crystallized to y phase, which was transformed to fl phase at higher temperatures. The transformation temperatures of powders from y to/~ phase of the ethoxide system and the boroxane system were 600 and 680~ respectively. The calcination of precursor films in a mixture gas of water and oxygen was found to decrease the crystallization temperature of/~-BBO films on Pt sheet substrates. The precursor films prepared from the ethoxide system and the boroxane system crystallized to fl-BBO on Pt (111)/glass substrates at 500 and 550~ respectively. The BBO films on Pt(111)/glass substrates showed the strong (006) preferred orientation. The I%BBO films on Pt(111)/glass substrates showed the second harmonic generation (SHG) of the 532 nm light on irradiation with 1064 nm light. The SH power from the BBO films was correlated with the fundamental power through the square-law proportionality based on the theory. The SHG efficiency of the BBO films was dependent upon the film thickness.Keywords: barium metaborate, metal alkoxide, sol-gel method, thin film, preferred orientation, second harmonic generation 1o IntroductionBarium metaborate (fl-BaB204, /%BBO) belongs to the space group of R3c with acentric symmetry, and has a layer step type of crystal lattice built up by alternative Ba 2+ and (B306) 3-rings [1][2][3]. The other well-known polymorph of BaB2Oa is or-phase, which belongs to the space group of R3c having the centric symmetry [4]. The difference between the cl (high-temperature) and the/~ (low-temperature) form is the coordination of the barium by oxygen. On the other hand, y-BBO is reported to have a chain anion structure similar to Li2B204, CaB204 and SrB204, and no (9306) 3-rings in the structure [5,6], although the detailed structure has not been reported yet.Only/~ phase is second order nonlinearly active, and is characterized by many remarkable features, such as the large effective second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, the wide transparency range, the broad phase-matched region, and the high damage threshold

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“…Then the NLO properties were predicted by Ch. Chen and others [14,15], and the crystal growth technology was developed in many studies [117][118][119]. Earlier, and for the last years, some deep UV borate and fluoride-borate crystals have been grown [120][121][122][123][124][125][126].…”

Section: Interrelationship "Composition-structure-oxide Bond Length-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Interrelationship of the Structural, Nonlinear-Optical and Other Acentric Properties for Oxide, Borate and Carbonate Crystals

Kidyarov

2017

Crystals

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Abstract:The structure and the maximal nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility χ (2) are tabulated for more 700 acentric binary oxides, 220 crystals of simple, binary and complex borates and for the same set of 110 carbonates, tartrates, formates, oxalates, acetates and fluoride-carbonates used in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet optoelectronics. According to the chemical formula, the structural symbols of these crystals have been plotted on the plane of two minimal oxide bond lengths (OBL). It is shown that acentric crystals are positioned on such plane inside the vertical, horizontal and slope intersected ellipses of "acentricity". The oxide and borate crystals with moderate NLO susceptibility are found in the central parts of these ellipses intersection and, with low susceptibility, on top, at the bottom and border of the ellipses rosette. The nonpolar fluoride-carbonate crystals with high NLO susceptibility are found in the curve-side rhombic parts of the slope ellipse of "acentricity". The unmonotonous fuzzy dependence "χ (2) " on the OBL of these crystals is observed, and their clear-cut taxonomy on compounds with π-or σ-oxide bonds is also established. It is shown that the correlations of χ (2) with other acentric properties are nonlinear for the whole set of the oxide crystals having their clear maximum at a certain value of the piezoelectric or electro-optic coefficient. The correlation "hardness-thermoconductivity-fusibility" is plotted for oxide crystals, part of which is used at the creation of self-frequency-doubling solid state lasers.

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β-barium borate single crystal grown by a direct Czochralski method

Cited by 84 publications

References 8 publications

Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics

Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics

Processing of β-BaB2O4 thin films through metal organics

Comparative Interrelationship of the Structural, Nonlinear-Optical and Other Acentric Properties for Oxide, Borate and Carbonate Crystals

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