β-Amyrin and Benzene-1,2,4-trimethyl from Euphorbia hirta L. and Nauclea latifolia (Smith) Leaves Induce Dauer Diapause via Antagonist Inhibition of daf-12 Receptor

Abstract

Helminths are a prevalent class among the various classes of parasitic organisms and infect over a billion people worldwide. They cause problems ranging from malnutrition, physical disabilities, mental retardation, stunted growth and eventually death. Studies have shown that over half of the over 40,000 presumed nematode species are parasitic in nature. 1,2 Unfortunately, not many treatment regimens exist to combat these parasites or treat host patients to the parasites. The continuous use of anthelmintics for long periods has resulted in resistance over a wide range of time which is now common in livestock infected with parasitic nematodes. 1 As alternative therapies e.g. vaccines are lacking, novel drugs for the treatment of these infections are urgently needed, hence, the choice of medicinal plants, 3,4 or plant based bioactive principle(s) targeting a novel receptor known as nuclear receptor (daf-12) Figure 1A (2-6).

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of N-Hexane Extract of Sonneratia alba Mangrove Leaves

“…The compound dl-alpha-tocopherol or also known as vitamin E is a lipophilic antioxidant (Zeece, 2020). Meanwhile, benzene-1,2,4-trimethyl is known to have potential antioxidants effects, and also have efficacy against pancreatic cancer (Marikkannu & Ganesan, 2021;Ogunmefun et al 2023). Benzo[h]quinolone has the potential as an antitumor because its cytotoxic effect and is able to inhibit the growth of tumor cells (Jafari et al 2019).…”