β-Alumina electrolytes

Kummer, J. T.

doi:10.1016/0079-6786(72)90007-6

Cited by 382 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…It was later found that the fl"-alumina phase is considerably stabilized by the addition of a small amount of MgO and even single crystals have been prepared (Bettman & Peters, 1969;Kummer, 1972). Such MgO-stabilized fl"-alumina, Na20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation-induced defects in β''-alumina examined by 1 MV high-resolution electron microscopy

Matsui¹,

Horiuchi²

1981

Acta Cryst Sect A

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The defect blocks formed in fl"-alumina by electron irradiation are examined by 1 MV high-resolution electron microscopy. In order to explain the fact that two distinctly different types of defect images appear even in a single 1 MV micrograph, a new structural model is constructed in place of the two models so far Breported. In the model proposed, two spinel-like blocks on either side of the eliminated conduction plane are those expected from the spinel structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation-induced defects in β''-alumina examined by 1 MV high-resolution electron microscopy

Matsui¹,

Horiuchi²

1981

Acta Cryst Sect A

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“…Introduction. -Beta alumina is used as the solid electrolyte in sodium/sulphur cells because of its exceptionally high Na + ion conductivity and negligibly low electronic conductivity [1][2][3][4][5]. It has the approximate formula Na 2 0.11 A1 2 0 3 and the structure (hexagonal, P6 3 /mmc) consists of layers of loosely bonded sodium ions between spinel-type blocks of aluminium and oxygen ions [6][7][8] as shown in figure 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Deterioration of Beta Alumina During Electrolysis

Demott¹,

Redfern²

1976

J. Phys. Colloques

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Résumé. -La raison principale de la défaillance de l'électrolyte céramique d'alumine béta dans des éléments sodium-soufre est le départ de la conduction électronique à travers l'électrolyte, avec la réduction du rendement faradique qui en résulte, suivie, dans certains cas, de la défaillance complète de l'élément. A cette phase finale le sodium métallique aura pénétré dans la céramique.Il a été suggéré que cette pénétration résulte de la propagation des fissures, mais on a remarqué que l'électrolyte se fonce fortement avant cette phase finale. Pour établir le rôle de ce brunissement dans le processus de défaillance, on a examiné par thermoluminescence la présence de centres colorés.Abstract. -The major cause of the failure of beta alumina ceramic electrolyte in sodium/ sulphur cells is the onset of electronic conduction through the electrolyte with a consequential reduction in Faradaic efficiency followed, in some cases, by complete failure of the cell. At this final stage sodium metal has penetrated the ceramic.Although crack propagation has been suggested as the cause of this penetration, it has been observed that the electrolyte darkens significantly before this final stage. In order to establish the role of this darkening in the failure sequence, the existence of colour centres has been examined by thermoluminescence.

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“…Kummer reported a size effect on the cation mobility at the β -Al 2 O 3 lattice, indicating that a large lattice volume is not necessary for small ions like the Li + ion despite its effectiveness in cation conduction due to the expanding bottleneck. 21 Although we could not obtain the detailed structural information about the Li + site from the XRD patterns due to its small scattering factor, it may well be that the lower coordination numbers favored by the relatively small Li + ion would have kept the Li + in the vicinity of the I − site rather than at the center of the K + site. An investigation of conductivity under high pressure may provide accurate information about the proper framework size for Li + ion conduction.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of rock-salt type lithium borohydride and its peculiar Li+ ion conduction properties

2014

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The high energy density and excellent cycle performance of lithium ion batteries makes them superior to all other secondary batteries and explains why they are widely used in portable devices. However, because organic liquid electrolytes have a higher operating voltage than aqueous solution, they are used in lithium ion batteries. This comes with the risk of fire due to their flammability. Solid electrolytes are being investigated to find an alternative to organic liquid. However, the nature of the solid-solid point contact at the interface between the electrolyte and electrode or between the electrolyte grains is such that high power density has proven difficult to attain. We develop a new method for the fabrication of a solid electrolyte using LiBH4, known for its super Li+ ion conduction without any grain boundary contribution. The modifications to the conduction pathway achieved by stabilizing the high pressure form of this material provided a new structure with some LiBH4, more suitable to the high rate condition. We synthesized the H.P. form of LiBH4 under ambient pressure by doping LiBH4 with the KI lattice by sintering. The formation of a KI - LiBH4 solid solution was confirmed both macroscopically and microscopically. The obtained sample was shown to be a pure Li+ conductor despite its small Li+ content. This conduction mechanism, where the light doping cation played a major role in ion conduction, was termed the “Parasitic Conduction Mechanism.” This mechanism made it possible to synthesize a new ion conductor and is expected to have enormous potential in the search for new battery materials.

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β-Alumina electrolytes

Cited by 382 publications

References 28 publications

Irradiation-induced defects in β''-alumina examined by 1 MV high-resolution electron microscopy

Irradiation-induced defects in β''-alumina examined by 1 MV high-resolution electron microscopy

The Deterioration of Beta Alumina During Electrolysis

Synthesis of rock-salt type lithium borohydride and its peculiar Li+ ion conduction properties

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