β‐1,3‐glucanase rOle e 9 and MnSOD rAsp f 6 IgE reactivity are the signature of atopic dermatitis in the Mediterranean area

Abstract

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a chronic skin disorder seriously affecting patients’ QoL and is often associated with immunological imbalance, disorders of the skin barrier function and environmental factors. Objective We extensively studied the proteomic IgE sensitization profile in a large AD Mediterranean cohort. Methods A total of 588 individuals with moderate‐severe (70.6%) or mild and/or history of (29.4%) AD were evaluated in comparison to 1285 unselected atopic controls (AC) with a history of adverse reactions to foods, allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma by means of ImmunoCAP ISAC112® and Allergy Explorer‐ALEX® microarray analysis. Results The olive tree pollen β‐1,3‐glucanase rOle e 9 and the manganese superoxide dismutase from Aspergillus rAsp f 6 were the molecules most significantly associated with AD occurrence and allowed to discriminate among the moderate and severe forms of disease. An IgE hyper‐reactivity to cypress, grasses, olive tree, house dust mites (including rDer p 11), and to all cross‐reactive components except profilin and polcalcin was observed. About 60% of adults with severe AD were sensitized to nsLTPs. Cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) IgE was found in about one‐third of AD participants. Hen eggs nGal d 1 IgE sensitization was more prevalent in the paediatric population, whilst rAsp f 6 and rOle e 9 reactivity was found particularly in older patients. Despite the status of widespread IgE sensitization to both environmental and food allergens, a reduced frequency of patient‐reported severe reactions to food or of asthma was observed in AD patients compared to AC, particularly in case of concomitant Ole e 9 reactivity. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Testing IgE reactivity to a large panel of molecular components unveils important associations between IgE reactivity profiles and AD clinical presentation, highlights the allergens useful for a precise AD signature and allows the detection of interesting sensitisations patterns.

Multiple Roles for Cytokines in Atopic Dermatitis: From Pathogenic Mediators to Endotype-Specific Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets

“…The hypothesis of a molecular mimicry followed by cross reactivity was raised by Schmid-Grendelmeier et al, as a result of the primary sensitization to MnSOD belonging to the Malassezia sympodialis . IgE-mediated reactivity against self-proteins with structural similarity to exogenous allergens has been hypothesized as a further potential mechanism involved in AD pathogenesis [ 93 ]. In addition to exogenous allergens, a specific IgE response can be directed against a range of human proteins located in a variety of cell and tissue types [ 94 ].…”

EAACIMolecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0

“…Patients sensitized to Ole e 9 seem to be at higher risk of suffering adverse side reactions during immunotherapy 585 . Ole e 7 and Ole e 9 IgE recognition have been recently associated with local or systemic reactions to food, 582 and atopic dermatitis, 586 respectively. Ole e 10 (X8 domain‐containing protein) and the pectin methylesterase Ole e 11 are two other major olive pollen allergens.…”

Developments in the field of allergy in 2020 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy

“…Papers in the journal last year evaluated possible relationships with vitamin A deficiency, with Caesarean delivery and a possible association with alopecia areata, suggesting potential common genetic or immune pathways 100‐102 . Others evaluated machine learning, neuronal/immune interactions, fungal sensitization and skin barrier in eczema 103‐106 …”

“…[100][101][102] Others evaluated machine learning, neuronal/immune interactions, fungal sensitization and skin barrier in eczema. [103][104][105][106]…”