β-1, 3-Glucan Synthase from <i>Lilium longiflorum</i> Pollen

Southworth, Darlene; Dickinson, David B.

doi:10.1104/pp.56.1.83

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cellobiose stimulated incorporation from both low and high UDP-glucose concentrations, and enzymic analysis of ,B-glucans formed indicated that the synthesis of all three types of B8-glucans was increased. Stimulation of incorporation by cellobiose and other sugars has been reported for ,8-glucan synthetases from many sources (5,6,10,13,14,25,27,28), but the mechanism is unknown. The possibility that cellobiose exerts its effect through a role as an acceptor or primer was investigated using [14C]cellobiose, but no incorporation could be detected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing β-Glucan Synthesis by Particulate Enzymes from Suspension-Cultured Lolium multiflorum Endosperm Cells

Henry

Stone²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Particulate enzymes from suspension-cultured ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) endosperm cells incorporated glucosyl residues from UDPglucose and GDP-glucose into f8-glucans. Three types of .8-glucans were produced from UDP-glucose: 1,3-,8-glucan; 1,4-/?-glucan; and mixed-linkage 1,3;1,4-.8-glucan. As in other systems, relatively more 1,4-.3-glucan was produced from a low (10 micromolar) UDP-glucose concentration, and relatively more 1,3-fi-glucan was produced from a high (1 millimolar) UDPglucose concentration. However, in ryegrass, 1,3;1,4-f8-glucan represented a major proportion of the products at both low and high UDP-glucose concentrations. The arrangement of linkages in the 1,3;1,4-fi-glucan was different at the two concentrations; at the low UDP-glucose concentration, more sequences of three consecutive 1,4-inkages were produced.The effects of pH, temperature, and metal ion concentrations on incorporation were dependent on the UDP-glucose concentration. At the low UDP-glucose concentration, incorporation into all three types of f8-glucan increased with increasing pH. At the high UDP-glucose concentration, 1,3-fi-glucan was the major product at pH 7 and below; 1,4-/3-glucan synthesis was optimal at pH 8; and synthesis of 1,3;1,4-,f-glucan was greatest above pH 8.With 10 micromolar GDP-glucose as substrate, 1,4-fi-glucan, but no 1,3;1,4-fi-glucan, was produced. Incorporation from either UDP-glucose or GDP-glucose was not influenced by the presence of the other.Cell-free preparations from higher plant sources incorporate glucosyl residues from nucleoside diphosphate glucose into /3-glucans containing 1,3-and 1,4-linkages. Some preparations produce both 1,3-,B-glucan and 1,4-,B-glucan, while other also produce mixed-linkage 1,3;1,4-,8-glucan (23). Evidence for the synthesis of these mixed-linkage f3-glucans has come from identification of 1,3; 1,4-,8-oligoglucosides in enzymic hydrolysates of the products formed by oat coleoptile (Avena sativa) (17) and mung bean hypocotyl (Phaseolus aureus) (15) preparations, from Smith degradation studies of the products from wheat root preparations (18), and from the susceptibility of 8-glucans produced by preparations from ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) endosperm (7, 23) to hydrolysis by the 1,3; 1,4-13-glucan hydrolase from Bacillus subtilis (1).13-Glucans produced in vitro from ,IM concentrations of UDPglucose are rich in 1,4-,8-glucan linkages, but those formed from mm concentrations of UDP-glucose, by the same preparations, contain mostly 1,3-fl-linkages (22,29). In systems that produce 1,3;1,4-,8-glucan

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) contained components that were not excluded by Bio-Gel P-1O. The products from 10 tiM UDP-glucose had sizes at least up to the exclusion limit of Bio-Gel P-200 (mol wt 0.2 x 106 for globular proteins) and, from 1 mm UDP-glucose, up (22,25,29 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: F-glucan Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing β-Glucan Synthesis by Particulate Enzymes from Suspension-Cultured Lolium multiflorum Endosperm Cells

Henry

Stone²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…Over the past 15 years, the elucidation of biochemical processes as well as of the cellular organelles or components involved in cell wall glucan synthesis has progressed greatly (1,6,10,16,17,20,24,27,35,37,38,48,49). However, as Delmer (10) pointed out, "it is abundantly clear that we lack some fundamental key needed to unlock the pathway of cellulose synthesis in higher plants."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Boron on the Incorporation of Glucose from UDP-Glucose into Cotton Fibers Grown in Vitro

Dugger

Palmer²

1980

Plant Physiol.

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Boron is required for fiber growth and development in cotton ovules cultured in vitro. Incorporation of I''Clglucose by such fiber from supplied UDP-j''Clglucose into the hot alkali-insoluble fraction is rapid and lnear for about 30 minutes. Incorporation of I''Clglucose from such substrate by fibers grown in boron-deficient ovule cultures is much less than in the case with fibers from ovules cultured with boron in the medium. Total products (alkali-soluble plus alkali-insoluble fractions) were also greater in fibers from ovules cultured with boron. The fraction insoluble in acetic-nitric reagent was a small part of the total glucans; however, in the boron-sufficient fibers, there was significantly more of this fraction than in fibers from boron-deficient ovule cultures. The hot water-soluble glucose polymers from the labeled fibers had a significant fraction of the total I''Ciglucose incorporated from UDP-1'4Clglucose. Both f8-1,4-and 8-1,3-water-soluble polymers were formed in the boron-sufricient fibers, whereas the same water-soluble fraction from the boron-deficient fibers was predominantly 8-1,3-polymers. The incorporation of 114CIglucose from GDP-1'4Clglucose by the fibers attached to the ovules was insignificant. One of boron's possible roles in higher plant growth and development is that of regulating metabolic processes that result in the build-up of specific products, including UDP-glucose, glucose-1-P, or 6-P-gluconate (13-15, 22, 23, 34). If boron does play such a regulatory role, it would have some influence on cell wall metabolism including the biosynthesis of cellulose and pectin compounds. Torssell (44) proposed that the "complexes between boric acid and carbohydrates control the deposition of oriented cellulose micells and the accompanying stiffening of the cell wall." Spurr (39) observed that boron deficiency in celery plants did alter plant cell walls, and concluded that boron apparently affects the rate and process of carbohydrate condensation into wall materials. Odhnoff (26) also proposed that boron's influence on bean root cell elongation was probably related to the deposition of new cellulose microfibrils. Whittington (50) suggested that cessation of cell division in boron-deficient field bean radicles was related to abnormalities in cell wall formation which, in turn, prevented the cell wall from becoming organized for mitosis. Later work in the same laboratory (36) revealed that 1[4Ciglucose was incorporated into pectic substances of boron-deficient field bean radicles at a higher level than in boron-sufficient radicles. The authors proposed that boron's role in plant growth is as a bonding agent between cell wall polysaccharides. Wilson (51) also observed that boron deficiency affected cell walls of tobacco pith parenchyma grown in tissue culture by doubling the amount of cell wall fraction with no apparent change of the cellulose: pectic substance ratio as compared to control grown tissue. Boron enhanced the incorporation of myo-[3H]inositol into L-arabinosyl units from pectin of pea...

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“…The assay mixtures were fractionated into products of different solubility, according to the procedures of Van der Woude et al (1974) and Southworth & Dickinson (1975). Powdered Whatman cellulose (20 mg) was added to assay mixtures which were then centrifuged at 25000g for 20 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

-Glucan Synthetases from Saprolegnia monoica

Fèvre

Dumas

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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Cell extracts of Saprolegnia monoica Pringsheim contained enzymes which synthesized glucans from uridine diphosphoglucose. Both MgCl, and cellobiose stimulated enzyme activity. The pH optimum was about 5-8. High substrate concentrations increased the proportion of alkali-insoluble glucans. Paper chromatography of cellulase-hydrolysed alkali-insoluble glucans revealed cellobiose indicating the presence of it (r +)-P-glucan (cellulose) synthetase. Glucan synthetases were mainly located in the wall and microsomal fractions. They were more active in branched hyphae than in unbranched mycelium. Subcellular fractions were characterized by density gradient ultracentrifugation, enzymic tests and electron microscopy. Synthetase activities were associated with dictyosomes which, by histochemical staining, were shown to contain (I +-4)-linked polysaccharides. The results were consistent with the current interpretation of the role of the Golgi apparatus in hyphal morphogenesis.

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β-1, 3-Glucan Synthase from Lilium longiflorum Pollen

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Factors Influencing β-Glucan Synthesis by Particulate Enzymes from Suspension-Cultured Lolium multiflorum Endosperm Cells

Factors Influencing β-Glucan Synthesis by Particulate Enzymes from Suspension-Cultured Lolium multiflorum Endosperm Cells

Effect of Boron on the Incorporation of Glucose from UDP-Glucose into Cotton Fibers Grown in Vitro

-Glucan Synthetases from Saprolegnia monoica

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