Άbdul-Ra $$\d{h}$$ mān al-Şūfī and His Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery

Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. R.; Orchiston, Wayne

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8161-5_7

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The second catalog is the one by Ulugh Bēg from around 1437 AD, which contained the first independent, comprehensive position measurements in 1300 years, yet adopted (see Knobel 1917) its magnitude data from Abd al‐Rahman al‐Sūfī's 'Book of Fixed Stars' (for a modern English translation see Hafez 2010), which he most likely composed around 964 AD. in the city of Shiraz (Hafez 2010, p. 64). His list of stars is explicitly based on Ptolemy's catalog, containing almost the same set of stars with positions, only corrected for precession.…”

Section: On the Original Catalogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, al‐Sūfī was only the second astronomer to systematically assign magnitudes to all the entries in his catalog, using the same numerical scale, as Ptolemy. Al‐Sūfī's catalog served as an important source for many subsequent Islamic‐Arabic astronomers who used his data or cited his texts (see Hafez 2010, p. 66 ff). One of those was Ulugh Bēg, who, when he compiled his own star catalog in 1437, adopted the magnitudes (and in 27 cases also the positions [Verbunt & van Gent 2012b]) from the Book of Fixed Stars .…”

Section: On the Original Catalogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation between Ptolemy and Al‐Sūfī should come as no surprise because Al‐Sūfī takes Ptolemy's magnitude estimation as a basis for his own (see also Figure 1). He even gives literal references like:” The fourth [star] […] is much greater then [sic] fourth magnitude, but it was mentioned by Ptolemy as fourth magnitude exactly.” (Hafez 2010, p. 154). From these kinds of comments, it can be assumed that Al‐Sūfī only changed a star's magnitude if he deemed it distinctly erroneous, and therefore, left a large fraction of them unchanged, causing this dependency.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accuracy of magnitudes in pre‐telescopic star catalogs

Protte

Hoffmann

2020

Astron Nachr

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Historical star magnitudes from catalogs by Ptolemy (137 AD), al‐Sūfī (964), and Tycho Brahe (1602/27) are converted to the Johnson V‐mag scale and compared to modern‐day values from the HIPPARCOS catalog. The deviations (or “errors”) are tested for dependencies on three different observational influences. The relation between historical and modern magnitudes is found to be linear in all three catalogs as it had previously been shown for the Almagest data by Hearnshaw, J. B., 1999, New A Rev., 43, 403. A slight dependency on the color index (B‐V) is shown throughout the data sets and al‐Sūfī's, as well as Brahe's data also give fainter values for stars of lower culmination height (indicating extinction). In all three catalogs, a star's estimated magnitude is influenced by the brightness of its immediate surroundings. After correction for the three effects, the remaining variance within the magnitude errors can be considered approximate accuracy of the pre‐telescopic magnitude estimates. The final converted and corrected magnitudes are available via the Vizier catalog access tool (Ochsenbein, F., Bauer, P., & Marcout, J., 2000, A&AS, 143, 23).

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Section: On the Original Catalogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On the Original Catalogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accuracy of magnitudes in pre‐telescopic star catalogs

Protte

Hoffmann

2020

Astron Nachr

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show abstract

“…The second catalogue is the one by Ulugh Bēg from around 1437 AD which contained the first independent, comprehensive position measurements in 1300 years, yet adopted (see Knobel, 1917) its magnitude data from Abd al-Rahman al-S . ūfī's 'Book of fixed Stars' (for a modern english translation see Hafez, 2010), which he most likely composed around 964 AD. in the city of Shiraz (Hafez, 2010, p.64).…”

Section: On the Original Cataloguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of magnitudes in pre-telescopic star catalogues

Protte,

Hoffmann

2020

Preprint

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Historical star magnitudes from catalogues by Ptolemy (137 AD), al-S . ūfī (964) and Tycho Brahe (1602/27) are converted to the Johnson V-mag scale and compared to modern day values from the HIPPARCOS catalogue. The deviations (or "errors") are tested for dependencies on three different observational influences. The relation between historical and modern magnitudes is found to be linear in all three catalogues as it had previously been shown for the Almagest data by Hearnshaw (1999). A slight dependency on the colour index (B-V) is shown throughout the data sets and al-S . ūfī's as well as Brahe's data also give fainter values for stars of lower culmination height (indicating extinction). In all three catalogues, a star's estimated magnitude is influenced by the brightness of its immediate surroundings. After correction for the three effects, the remaining variance within the magnitude errors can be considered as approximate accuracy of the pre-telescopic magnitude estimates. The final converted and corrected magnitudes are available via the Vizier catalogue access tool (Ochsenbein, Bauer, & Marcout, 2000).

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“…Although the Messier catalogue was the largest catalogue of diffuse objects to date, he was not the first who recorded nebulae with Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, also known as Azophi, observing and recording the Andromeda and Large Magellanic clouds in 964 AD. He published his discoveries together with details of 48 constellations in his book, Kitab al-Kawatib al-Thabit al-Musawwar (also commonly known as the Book of Fixed Stars) (Hafez et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Bulges and Disks in the Universe

Hashemizadeh¹

2022

Preprint

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This thesis makes use of the imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEV-ILS) field. We provide visual morphological classifications of 44,000 galaxies out to redshift z = 1 and above a stellar mass of 10 9.5 M (D10/ACS sample). We perform a robust Bayesian bulge-disk decomposition analysis of the D10/ACS sample. This study forms one of the largest morphological classification and structural analyses catalogues in this field to date. Using these catalogues, we explore the evolution of the stellar mass function (SMF) and the stellar mass density (SMD) together with the stellar mass-size relations (M * − R e ) of galaxies as a function of morphological type as well as for disks and bulges, separately. We quantify that one-third of the current stellar mass of the Universe was formed during the last 8 Gyr. We find that the moderate growth of the high-mass end of the SMF is dominated by the growth of elliptical systems and that the vast majority of the stellar mass of the Universe is locked up in disk+bulge systems at all epochs and that they increase their contribution to the total SMD with time. The contribution of the pure-disk morphology gradually decreases with time (∼ 40%), while ellipticals increase their contribution by a factor of 1.7 since z = 1. By decomposing galaxies into disks and bulges we quantify that on average ∼ 50% of the total stellar mass of the Universe at all epochs is in disk structures with this contribution relatively unchanged since z ∼ 0.6. With this comes more rapid growth of pseudo-bulges and spheroids (bulges and ellipticals) in mass. Furthermore, while the cosmic star-formation history is declining the Universe is transitioning from a disk dominated era to an epoch when pseudo-and classical-bulges are emerging. Finally, the M * − R e relations of galaxies and their components show that different components follow distinct relations which may reflect their distinct evolutionary pathways through which these systems have been built.The evolution of the M * − R e relations of galaxies and their components shows minimal variation. The unchanged scaling relations since z = 1 is consistent with the evolution along the M * − R e trends.

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Άbdul-Ra $$\d{h}$$ mān al-Şūfī and His Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Accuracy of magnitudes in pre‐telescopic star catalogs

Accuracy of magnitudes in pre‐telescopic star catalogs

Accuracy of magnitudes in pre-telescopic star catalogues

The Emergence of Bulges and Disks in the Universe

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