αB-Crystallin is Expressed in Myelinating Oligodendrocytes of the Developing and Adult Avian Retina

Kim, Ji Young; Song, Sun-Hwa; Kim, Hoo Nam; Kim, Dong Ho; Sohn, Hyun Joon; Lee, Eun Young; Cho, Sa Sun; Seo, Je Hoon

doi:10.1007/s11064-012-0835-9

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, in the study of Naruse [22], CD44 in the mouse cerebellum of embryonic period was widely expressed in astrocyte precursor cells, neural stem cells, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, however, over the course of development, CD44 became restricted to granule neurons in the adult. Although in the present study we did not perform any double staining of CD44 and markers of neurons or oligodendrocytes, the CD44-ir cells in the retina were morphologically different from neurons or oligodendrocytes, based on our previous findings [20]. Oligodendrocytes exhibit small round cytoplasm located in the nerve fiber layer, while neurons present relatively large cell bodies located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina [20].…”

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Although in the present study we did not perform any double staining of CD44 and markers of neurons or oligodendrocytes, the CD44-ir cells in the retina were morphologically different from neurons or oligodendrocytes, based on our previous findings [20]. Oligodendrocytes exhibit small round cytoplasm located in the nerve fiber layer, while neurons present relatively large cell bodies located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina [20].…”

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Between each step, CD44 in Microglia of Retina and Cerebellum 31 tissues were washed with PBS three times for 5 minutes and stained cells were observed under a multipurpose microscope with an epifluorescence attachment (DMLB, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Lectin RCA-1 has been used as a marker of microglia in normal human nervous tissues [19] and developing and adult avian retina [20].…”

Section: Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, increased expression of CD44 in activated microglia could play a certain role in immunological responses in the CNS. In relation to immunologic roles, the CD44 was suggested to have role in monocyte and/or lymphocyte adhesion and subsequent migration into the brain across the blood-brain barrier [20]. In experimental autoimmune uveitis mice model, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine was increased with simultaneous increase of CD44 [31].…”

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the immune regulator MIF signal transduction pathway is mediated by CD44, a transmembrane receptor in both normal physiological conditions and uveitis [31]. Several studies implicated that CD44 might mediate signal transduction necessary for endocytosis of bacteria, which lead to events of linking between CD44 and actin cytoskeleton [20]. The microglia monitor microenvironmal changes even in the resting state.…”

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD44 Expression in Microglia of the Retina and Cerebellum of Developing and Adult Chicken

Kim

Sohn

Seo

et al. 2017

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: CD44 is a transmembrane protein that acts as a receptor for an adhesion molecule, hyaluronic acid. The type of cells expressing CD44 and roles of CD44 are still controversial and need to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the type of cells expressing CD44 and the changes in their distribution in the retina and the cerebellum of the developing and adult chicken. Embryonic day 14 (E14) and post-hatch day 90 (P90) chickens were used in this study. CD44-immunoreactive (ir) cells were observed both in the retina and the cerebellum of the two developmental stages examined. In the retina of E14, CD44-ir cells were mainly located in the nerve fiber layer. In adults, most of the CD44-ir cells were in the nerve fiber layer and some were dispersed in other layers of the retina. In the cerebellum of E14, CD44-ir cells were distributed throughout the cerebellar cortex, including the external and internal granular layers. CD44-ir cells were more frequently found in the cerebellum of P90 adult chickens than in that of E14 embryos. At higher magnification, CD44-ir cells showed ramified cytoplasmic processes irradiating from their cell bodies. In the retina and in the cerebellum of all ages examined, double staining showed that most of the CD44-ir cells also expressed RCA-1, a marker of microglia. In contrast to that, at the same locations, GFAP and CD44 were not co-expressed in cells. When the adult retina was stimulated by LPS, CD44 immunoreactivity increased, and CD44-ir cells were also RCA-1-positive. The present results indicated that CD44 was expressed in microglia of the retina and the cerebellum of the developing and adult chicken even in normal conditions, and microglial CD44 expression was increased upon LPS stimulation.

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Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cd44 In Microglia Of Retina and Cerebellum 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

CD44 Expression in Microglia of the Retina and Cerebellum of Developing and Adult Chicken

Kim

Sohn

Seo

et al. 2017

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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The Big Book on Small Heat Shock Proteins

Hightower¹,

Tanguay²

2015

Heat Shock Proteins

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Heat Shock Proteins: key mediators of Health and Disease. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are essential molecules conserved through cellular evolution required for cells to survive the stresses encountered in the environment and in the tissues of the developing and aging organism. These proteins play the essential roles in stress of preventing the initiation of programmed cell death and repairing damage to the proteome permitting resumption of normal metabolism. Loss of the HSP is lethal either in the short-term in cases of acute stress or in the long-term when exposure to stress is chronic. Cells appear to walk a fi ne line in terms of HSP expression. If expression falls below a certain level, cells become sensitive to oxidative damage that infl uences aging and protein aggregation disease. If HSP levels rise above the normal range, infl ammatory and oncogenic changes occur. It is becoming clear that HSP are emerging as remarkably versatile mediators of health and disease. The aim of this series of volumes is to examine how HSP regulation and expression become altered in pathological states and how this may be remedied by pharmacological and other interventions.More information about this series at

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HspB5/αB-Crystallin in the Brain

Golenhofen

Bartelt-Kirbach

2015

Heat Shock Proteins

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Many organs including the brain exhibit powerful endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms to survive recurrent cellular stress events, i.e. the development of stress tolerance. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotective phenomenon is of special interest since it may provide the basis to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases. One important mechanism is the upregulation of heat shock proteins. Here, we will review the neuroprotective potential of HspB5/αB-crystallin. HspB5 is expressed in glia as well as in neurons and upregulated in certain cell types or subset of cells at pathophysiological conditions. HspB5 is found to be associated with the diseasecausing pathological protein aggregates, such as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease or Rosenthal fi bers in Alexander disease. One possible function of HspB5 is to counteract the aggregation process leading to increased cell survival. However, HspB5 may act additionally via its non-chaperone functions, such as anti-infl ammatory, anti-apoptotic properties or association with cytoskeletal proteins infl uencing fi lament assembly. The cytoprotective activity of HspB5 is regulated by phosphorylation. Interestingly, in neurons HspB5 is recruited to axons and dendrites by phosphorylation, however, to this end little is known about the molecular targets of phosphoHspB5 in neurons. Identifying the impact of phosphorylation of HspB5 in glia and neurons and the targets of HspB5 may be useful to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.

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αB-Crystallin is Expressed in Myelinating Oligodendrocytes of the Developing and Adult Avian Retina

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

CD44 Expression in Microglia of the Retina and Cerebellum of Developing and Adult Chicken

CD44 Expression in Microglia of the Retina and Cerebellum of Developing and Adult Chicken

The Big Book on Small Heat Shock Proteins

HspB5/αB-Crystallin in the Brain

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