“…32 Other studies have shown that nicotine decreases IL1, TNF␣, and TGF production. 22,24 -26,60 The ␣-7 nicotinic acetyl choline receptor (␣7-nAChR), through which nicotine has its effect, is expressed on peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes 61,62 ; in this study both cell types were affected by nicotine, with perhaps a stronger effect on monocyte-derived cytokines, especially in response to LPS, as there was no effect on the specific T-cell cytokine IL2. Conversely, for the cell cycle, nicotine had no effect on LPS-stimulated responses, but increased resting cells and reducing S-phase proliferation in response to PHA, concurring with previous studies demonstrating that nicotine induced G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest in T cells.…”