α-Smooth muscle actin is constitutively expressed in the lens epithelial cells of several species

Garcia, Claudia M.; Kwon, Gloria; Beebe, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.04.009

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…39 α-Smooth muscle actin is a marker of myofibroblasts. 34,40,41 In the present study, we found that the carbon ion silicone rubbers can significantly promote collagen degradation, which is consistent with the results of α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, after fibrosis, the tissue may lack flexibility and extensibility, and elastin is a crucial factor in this process.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Carbon Ion Implantation: A Good Method to Enhance the Biocompatibility of Silicone Rubber

Zhou

Chen

Mao

et al. 2016

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Carbon Ion Implantation: A Good Method to Enhance the Biocompatibility of Silicone Rubber

Zhou

Chen

Mao

et al. 2016

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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“…4C). ␣-SMA expression is known to be expressed constitutively at very low levels in epithelial cells (22). S100A4, also known as fibroblast-specific protein-1 (11 kDa), belongs to the calmodulin-S100-troponin C superfamily of binding proteins that has been widely reported to identify fibroblasts or cells with a fibroblast phenotype (33,45).…”

Section: Il-17 Induces Emt In Normal Airway Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-17 induces type V collagen overexpression and EMT via TGF-β-dependent pathways in obliterative bronchiolitis

Vittal¹,

Fan²,

Greenspan³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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erative bronchiolitis (OB), a fibrotic airway lesion, is the leading cause of death after lung transplantation. Type V collagen [col(V)] overexpression and IL-17-mediated anti-col(V) immunity are key contributors to OB pathogenesis. Here, we report a previously undefined role of IL-17 in inducing col(V) overexpression, leading to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and subsequent OB. We observed IL-17-mediated induction of col(V) ␣1 chains [␣1 (V)] in normal airway epithelial cells in vitro and detected ␣1 (V)-specific antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung transplant patients. Overexpression of IL-17 and col(V) was detected in OB lesions in patient lung biopsies and in a murine OB model. IL-17 is shown to induce EMT, TGF-␤ mRNA expression, and SMAD3 activation, whereas downregulating SMAD7 expression in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-␤RI tyrosine kinase, p38 MAPK, or focal adhesion kinase prevented col(V) overexpression and EMT. In murine orthotopic lung transplants, neutralizing IL-17 significantly decreased TGF-␤ mRNA and protein expression and prevented epithelial repair/ OB. Our findings highlight a feed-forward loop between IL-17 and TGF-␤, leading to induction of col(V) and associated epithelial repair, thus providing one possible link between autoimmunity and OB after lung transplantation. autoimmunity; p38 MAPK; focal adhesion kinase; small-airway epithelial cells; RLE-6TN; mouse transplant model; epithelial-mesenchymal transition OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS (OB) is characterized by extensive peribronchiolar fibrosis with plugs of granulation tissues (fibroblasts and collagen) that occlude small airways. OB is the key reason that the 5-yr survival of lung transplant recipients is only 50%, the worst of all major solid organ transplants (42,48).Aberrant epithelial repair is a key event in the transplanted lung (1, 9) in which bronchioles lose resident epithelial cells and become occluded by granulation tissue. Abnormal epithelial repair eventually causes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a functional and phenotypic change of epithelial cells into spindle-shaped, migratory (43) and matrix-component-secreting mesenchymal cells (10, 41), and a process associated with lung fibrosis (15,27). However, the direct connection between EMT and the in vivo phenomena of fibrosis and fibro-obliterative disease remains controversial.We and others previously reported that OB is associated with dysregulation of two types of collagen: 1) marked increase in type V collagen [col(V)], a quantitatively minor lung collagen (8,14,40), and 2) a decrease in the major lung collagen type I [col(I)] (2, 53). We have shown that prospective monitoring of patients with human lung transplant revealed a critical role of col(V)-specific cellular immunity in OB pathogenesis (14,40). Although overexpression of col(V), an otherwise quantitatively minor collagen, is involved in OB pathology, mechanisms leading to col(V) overexpression are unknown. Thus a mechanistic understanding of the triggers of col(V)...

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“…If the rabbit is similar to the cat, lens epithelial metaplasia and subsequent transition to neoplastic sarcoma appears to take years . Myofibroblast transformation can occur in response to an injury to lens epithelium and lens epithelial cells have the ability to ‘transdifferentiate’ to myofibroblasts by a process that includes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) . Dysregulation of the cell cycle in these myofibroblasts with neoplastic transformation of these cells is proposed as a major underlying contributor to sarcoma formation secondary to injured lens epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Myofibroblast transformation can occur in response to an injury to lens epithelium and lens epithelial cells have the ability to 'transdifferentiate' to myofibroblasts by a process that includes epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT). 18 Dysregulation of the cell cycle in these myofibroblasts with neoplastic transformation of these cells is proposed as a major underlying contributor to sarcoma formation secondary to injured lens epithelium. The clinical manifestations of this intraocular neoplasm in this rabbit have many similarities to those described in cats with post-traumatic intraocular sarcomas, including posterior synechiae, pupillary occlusion, cataracts, uveitis, and an apparent sudden onset of uveitis associated with neoplastic development years later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimal desmin staining was noted and was not repeatably found in the tumor population, similar to the previous report. Research performed by Garcia et al 18 revealed that western blot analysis of lens epithelial cells from several species, including rabbit, detected a-SMA in protein extracts of the epithelial cells and no a-SMA was found in lens stromal fibers. 18 It is therefore not surprising that a mesenchymal neoplasm expressing a-SMA intermediate filaments can arise from an injured lens epithelial population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular sarcoma associated with a rupture lens in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Dickinson

Bauer²,

Gardhouse³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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This case report describes the clinical manifestations and ocular pathology of an intraocular sarcoma in a spayed female 7-year-old rabbit that developed clinical signs consistent with phacoclastic uveitis at 6 months of age, which was left untreated for most of the next 6 years. Ophthalmologic examination confirmed pupillary occlusion, aqueous flare, fibrin, and lens debris within the anterior chamber of the right eye. The right eye was blind and phthisical. The tentative clinical diagnosis was chronic phacoclastic uveitis, and a routine transconjunctival enucleation of the right eye was completed. The globe was formalin-fixed and submitted for histologic examination. Light microscopic examination revealed a ruptured cataractous lens, uveitis, retinal detachment, and an intraocular sarcoma centered around the lens. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin and negative for Desmin and cytokeratin intermediate filaments.

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α-Smooth muscle actin is constitutively expressed in the lens epithelial cells of several species

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon Ion Implantation: A Good Method to Enhance the Biocompatibility of Silicone Rubber

Carbon Ion Implantation: A Good Method to Enhance the Biocompatibility of Silicone Rubber

IL-17 induces type V collagen overexpression and EMT via TGF-β-dependent pathways in obliterative bronchiolitis

Intraocular sarcoma associated with a rupture lens in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

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