α-Olefin Trimerization for Lubricant Base Oils with Modified Chevron–Phillips Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts

Baek, Jun Won; Ko, Ji Hyeong; Park, Jun Hyeong; Park, Ju Yong; Lee, Hyun Ju; Seo, Yeong Hyun; Lee, Ji Min

doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00249

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Linear alpha-olefins (LAOs) serve as the crucial organic raw material and chemical intermediates, which are usually used for the production of plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, long-chain carboxylic acids, epoxides, and so forth. − Among linear α-olefins, 1-hexene, 1-octene, and α-olefins with the higher carbon numbers are also the important comonomers for the preparation of the high-quality polyolefins. − The traditional synthetic methods of linear α-olefins mainly include the alkane dehydrogenation, alkane catalytic cracking, fatty alcohol dehydrogenation, olefin dimerization and disproportionation, internal olefin isomerization, and so forth. , In recent years, ethylene oligomerization has been rapidly developed for producing the linear α-olefins with higher purity than the traditional methods. There are primarily two types of ethylene oligomerization: nonselective oligomerization and selective tri/tetramerization. , The traditional ethylene oligomerization is nonselective, which mostly produces a wide range of oligomers, and the separation of the corresponding components from the product mixtures requires intensive energy. The most representative nonselective oligomerization was based on the iron/nickel (Fe/Ni)-based catalyst systems, which mainly produced the multicomponent oligomers with the Schulz–Flory distribution. − However, the selective ethylene tri/tetramerization can directly produce 1-hexene and 1-octene with high selectivity, which has attracted extensive research interest from both academia and industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are primarily two types of ethylene oligomerization: nonselective oligomerization and selective tri/tetramerization. 9 , 10 The traditional ethylene oligomerization is nonselective, which mostly produces a wide range of oligomers, and the separation of the corresponding components from the product mixtures requires intensive energy. The most representative nonselective oligomerization was based on the iron/nickel (Fe/Ni)-based catalyst systems, which mainly produced the multicomponent oligomers with the Schulz–Flory distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium-Based Complexes Bearing N-Substituted Diphosphinoamine Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

Liu

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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A range of novel N-substituted diphosphinoamine (PNP) ligands Ph 2 PN(R)PPh 2 [R = F 2 CHCH 2 (1); R = Me 2 CHCH 2 (2); R = Me 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 (3)] have been synthesized via one-step salt elimination reaction. The ligand-coordinated chromium carbonyls [Ph 2 PN(R)PPh 2 ]Cr(CO) 4 (4−6) were further synthesized, and X-ray crystallography analysis of complex 6 revealed the κ 2 -P,P bidentate binding mode of Cr center and the molecular structure of PNP ligand 3. Then the catalytic ethylene oligomerization behaviors of PNP ligands 1−3 bridging chromium chloride complexes {[Ph 2 PN(R)PPh 2 ]CrCl 2 (μ-Cl)} 2 (7−9) were further discussed in depth. Experimental results showed that complex 7 with the strong electron-withdrawing F 2 CHCH 2 group can promote the nonselective ethylene oligomerization, while both complex 8 and complex 9 with the electron-donating Me 2 CHCH 2 and Me 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 groups can significantly enhance the selective ethylene tri/tetramerization. The good catalytic activity of 198.3 kg/(g Cr•h), the selectivity toward 1-hexene and 1-octene of 76.4%, and the low PE content of 0.2% were simultaneously achieved with the Al/Cr molar ratio of 600 using the complex 8/MMAO system at 45 °C and 45 bar. These excellent results were mainly attributed to the fact that the β-branching of bridging ligand 2 increased the steric bulk of the N-moiety for complex 8.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium-Based Complexes Bearing N-Substituted Diphosphinoamine Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

Liu

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…Lubricants are important fluids and are commonly used to suppress the friction between two metallic surfaces and as a medium for heat transportation. These base oils are obtained from various sources such as petroleum raffinates, biobased oils, olefins, and plastic wastes, with some additives to enhance their properties. A few examples of processes used to produce the base oils are solvent extraction, severe hydrocracking, olefin polymerization, and esterification …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigative Analysis of Automatic Mode Detection for a Lubricant Base Oil Production Plant Using PCA and Machine-Learning Models

Mohd fadzil,

Razali,

Zabiri

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Lubricants are important fluids and are commonly used to suppress friction between two metallic surfaces and as a medium for heat transportation. In an industrial plant considered in this study, the base oil mode changes can only be detected based on the kinematic viscosity values obtained using lab analysis. Since the lab analysis data are only available every 8 h, detecting the change in the production modes for 4, 6, and 10 cSt and the transitions among them are significantly delayed, causing unnecessary off-spec products that have to be directed to the slopping tank. In this paper, the innovativeness of the work comes from the idea of trying to unravel the underlying pattern of the plant data that correlate to the changes in the base oil modes and using that to classify hourly the kinematic viscosity values. Hence, a novel industrial application is presented to predict the class of base oil mode change on an hourly basis that can significantly reduce the losses in terms of off spec products and sloping tank wastes. The modes are segregated into three classes based on the values of kinematic viscosity. The classes are C-1 (4 cSt), C-2 (6 cSt), and C-3 (10 cSt). Anything in between the stipulated thresholds is called transition [T-12 (C-1 to C-2), T-21(C-2 to C-1), T-23 (C-2 to C-3), T-31 (C-3 to C-1), and T-32 (C-3 to C-2)]. To unravel the pattern, principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized on 42,000 operating plant data. After a thorough analysis, the third principal component provides the highest correlation to the eight classes of the base oil mode changes [C-1 (4 cSt), C-2 (6 cSt), and C-3 (10 cSt) and the transitions T-12 (C-1 to C-2), T-21(C-2 to C-1), T-23 (C-2 to C-3), T-31 (C-3 to C-1), and T-32 (C-3 to C-2)]. This third principal component is then utilized together with plant process variable values as inputs to four machine learning models, namely, XGBOOST, Random Forest, and CatBoost algorithms to predict the mode of the base oil hourly. The overall comparison analysis shows that utilizing the XGBoost algorithm for the prediction of the eight classes of the base oil modes at a faster hourly rate results in the most consistent classification accuracy of 92.96% for the test set and 89.22% in the deployment set. This capability to predict the mode change in the hourly basis can significantly reduce the losses in terms of off spec products in the production line.

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“…Coordination oligomerization is an obvious alternative to acid-catalyzed processes . Depending on the type of the catalyst, this reaction can proceed in different ways, as selective trimerization on Cr − or Ti based catalysts (Cat. 1a in Scheme a), and nonselective Ziegler–Natta oligomerization (Cat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heterocene Catalysts and Reaction Temperature Gradient in Dec-1-ene Oligomerization for the Production of Low Viscosity PAO Base Stocks

Nifant’ev

Vinogradov

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Hydrogenated oligomers of higher α-olefins (primarily, dec-1-ene) with uniform structure represent high-quality poly-α-olefin oil (PAO) base stocks. High yields of lightweight dec-1-ene oligomers (DP n = 3−4) can be achieved by using 5,10dihydroindeno[1,2-b]indole-based zirconium ansa-complexes, "heterocenes". Unusual catalytic behavior of heterocenes served as a starting point for the present study, during which new, more synthetically available and active heterocene precatalysts were synthesized, and a novel oligomerization method, based on a reaction temperature gradient, was developed. A gradual decrease of the oligomerization temperature as dec-1-ene was consumed resulted in decreased dimer formation (down to 10%) and increased oligomer yields (up to 84%). After hydrogenation, low-and medium-viscosity PAO base oils with uniform structure and high viscosity indexes were obtained.

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α-Olefin Trimerization for Lubricant Base Oils with Modified Chevron–Phillips Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Chromium-Based Complexes Bearing N-Substituted Diphosphinoamine Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

Chromium-Based Complexes Bearing N-Substituted Diphosphinoamine Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

Investigative Analysis of Automatic Mode Detection for a Lubricant Base Oil Production Plant Using PCA and Machine-Learning Models

Heterocene Catalysts and Reaction Temperature Gradient in Dec-1-ene Oligomerization for the Production of Low Viscosity PAO Base Stocks

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