α-Mangostin Nanoparticles Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Modalities in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

α-Mangostin (AMG) is a potent anticancer xanthone that was discovered in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). AMG possesses the highest opportunity for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic therapy. AMG inhibits every step in the process of carcinogenesis. AMG suppressed multiple breast cancer (BC) cell proliferation and apoptosis by decreasing the creation of cancerous compounds. Accumulating BC abnormalities and their associated molecular signaling pathways promotes novel treatment strategies. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment; due to the possibility of unpleasant side effects and multidrug resistance, there has been substantial progress in searching for alternative solutions, including the use of plant-derived natural chemicals. Due to the limitations of conventional cancer therapy, nanotechnology provides hope for effective and efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology enables the delivery of nanoparticles and increased solubility of drugs and drug targeting, resulting in increased cytotoxicity and cell death during BC treatment. This review summarizes the progress and development of AMG’s cytotoxicity and the mechanism of death BC cells. The combination of natural medicine and nanotechnology into a synergistic capital will provide various benefits. This information will aid in the development of AMG nanoparticle preparations and may open up new avenues for discovering an effective BC treatment.

Magnetic Graphene-Based Nanosheets with Pluronic F127-Chitosan Biopolymers Encapsulated α-Mangosteen Drugs for Breast Cancer Cells Therapy

“…An exposure-induced cytotoxic antitumor response may lead to tumor cell death. Necrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis are three different ways that cells can death [ 6 ].…”

“…The reported activity of α-mangosteen against a wide variety of cancers reflects its ability to affect multiple targets [ 4 , 5 ]. Herdiana et al proposed that α-mangostin could inhibits carcinogenesis process including cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis through decreasing the creation of cancerous compounds in breast cancer [ 6 ].…”

Alpha-Mangostin-Loaded Transferrin-Conjugated Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: Development and Characterization for Tumor-Targeted Delivery

“…Several nanocarriers have previously been investigated to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of α -mangostin including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles [ 3 ]. Chen and colleagues developed Tf-liposome that was able to improve the delivery of α -mangostin across the blood-brain barrier in vivo [ 12 ].…”

Cytotoxicity Enhancement in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Depolymerized Chitosan Delivery of α-Mangostin

“…Phytochemicals have recently gained expanded interest as chemoprevention and chemotherapeutics [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Our previous study shows that AMG, as a natural medicine, is a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic substance used for cancer treatment [ 12 ]. The antitumor activity of AMG can act at almost all major stages of tumor development, leading to cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines and has better selectivity, but the application of AMG is limited due to its hydrophobic properties, poor solubility, and stability in water.…”

“…The antitumor activity of AMG can act at almost all major stages of tumor development, leading to cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines and has better selectivity, but the application of AMG is limited due to its hydrophobic properties, poor solubility, and stability in water. Therefore, AMG has low bioavailability and accumulation in target organs [ 12 , 13 ].…”