α-Lipoic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables in Chondrocyte Cultures

Frondoza, Carmelita G.; Fortuno, Lowella V.; Grzanna, M.W.; Ownby, Stacy; Au, A.Y.; Rashmir‐Raven, Ann M.

doi:10.1177/1947603516686146

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Ongoing research evaluating oral administration of nutraceuticals ASU, GLU and CS individually or in combination indicates that they may have chondroprotective and articular-sparing properties. 19,20,[23][24][25]34 Avocado/ soybean unsaponifiables, GLU and CS have been documented to reduce inflammation in vitro and in vivo. 19,20,[23][24][25]34 Avocado/ soybean unsaponifiables, GLU and CS have also been reported to be beneficial in the management of OA in man and animals with minimal adverse side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chondrocytes on microscope slides fixed with 10% paraformaldehyde were incubated with goat anti-type I collagen, anti-type II collagen or anti-aggrecan antibodies (Southern Biotechnology Associates; Birmingham, Alabama, United States) as previously described. 23 The slides were washed in buffer three times and incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled anti-goat antibodies to visualize immunostaining using a Nikon Eclipse epifluorescent microscope TE200. Secreted collagen and aggrecan in spent culture media were electrophoresed on 4 to 15% sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gels then electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California, United States) in tris-glycine buffer, pH 8.5, containing 20% methanol.…”

Section: Phenotype Analysis By Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of the nutraceuticals used in this study were previously shown to exert significant biological effects primarily as anti-inflammatory agents. 21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]…”

Section: Inflammation Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of Antibiotic-Inducted Toxicity in Equine Chondrocytes by Soybean/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Combination

et al. 2019

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amikacin (AK) and enrofloxacin (EF) at concentrations consistent with those obtained by intra-articular and intravenous regional limb perfusion on both cytotoxicity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by equine chondrocytes. This study also determines if PGE2 production could be reduced by avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). Study Design Chondrocytes were grown in monolayer from the articular cartilage of 12 horses and treated with clinically relevant concentrations of AK and EF, with or without the combination of ASU + GLU + CS. Positive controls consisted of chondrocytes that were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Chondrocyte response was evaluated using both MTT cytotoxicity assay and immunoassay for PGE2 production. Results Amikacin and EF generated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Amikacin induced 90% cell death at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Enrofloxacin induced 90% cell death at 1.0 mg/mL and 98% cell death at 10 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Amikacin failed to induce PGE2 production at any of the concentrations studied. In contrast, EF and the positive control (LPS) induced PGE2 production at all concentrations. Induction of PGE2 by EF at all concentrations was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by pre-treatment with ASU + GLU + CS. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Horses receiving commonly used dosages of AK and EF may benefit from administration of ASU + GLU + CS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenotype Analysis By Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of Antibiotic-Inducted Toxicity in Equine Chondrocytes by Soybean/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Combination

et al. 2019

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“…ASU, GLU and CS have been documented to reduce inflammation in vitro [9] [10] [11], [31]- [38], and in vivo [39]- [46]. These agents have been reported to ameliorate OA in man and animals with minimal adverse side effects [39]- [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their common structural, functional and cellular characteristics, horses have been used as an in vivo model for studying human OA. Equine joint tissues such as cartilage and their constituent chondrocytes have also been beneficial as models for in vitro studies [7] [8] [9] [10] [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondrocyte Production of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine MCP-1 (CCL-2) and Prostaglandin E-2 Is Inhibited by Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate Combination

Secor¹,

Grzanna²,

Rashmir‐Raven³

et al. 2018

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, painful disease affecting articulating joints in man and animals. It is characterized by cartilage breakdown, bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and joint inflammation. Currently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the management of OA are known to have deleterious side effects. To address the need for alternatives, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) by measuring chemokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, CCL2) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE 2 ) in stimulated chondrocytes. As the only cellular constituents of cartilage, chondrocytes are the source of pro-inflammatory mediators that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of OA. Chondrocytes were incubated: with: 1) control media, 2) [ASU + GLU + CS] combination, or 3) Phenylbutazone (PBZ) for 24 hours. Cells were next stimulated with IL-1β or LPS for another 24 hrs. MCP-1 and PGE 2 from supernatants were quantitated by immunoassay. Another set of chondrocytes seeded in chamber slides were stimulated with IL-1β for 1 hour and then immunostained for NF-κB. Chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β or LPS significantly increased MCP-1 and PGE 2 production which were significantly reduced after treatment with [ASU + GLU + CS]. In contrast, PBZ significantly reduced PGE 2 but not MCP-1 production. IL-1β stimulation induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which The present study provides evidence that the production of MCP-1 by chondrocytes can be inhibited by the combination of [ASU + GLU + CS] but not by PBZ. In contrast, PGE 2 production was inhibited by either treatment suggesting that the production of MCP-1 and PGE 2 could be independently regulated. The finding of distinct effects of [ASU + GLU + CS] on MCP-1 and PGE 2 synthesis supports a scientific rationale for a multimodal treatment approach in the management of OA.

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Principles of Therapy for Lameness

Koch¹,

Goodrich²,

Smanik³

et al. 2020

Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses

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α-Lipoic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables in Chondrocyte Cultures

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Mitigation of Antibiotic-Inducted Toxicity in Equine Chondrocytes by Soybean/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Combination

Mitigation of Antibiotic-Inducted Toxicity in Equine Chondrocytes by Soybean/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Combination

Chondrocyte Production of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine MCP-1 (CCL-2) and Prostaglandin E-2 Is Inhibited by Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate Combination

Principles of Therapy for Lameness

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