α-Interferon-induced transcription of HLA and metallothionein genes containing homologous upstream sequences

Friedman, Richard L.; Stark, George Stark

doi:10.1038/314637a0

Cited by 470 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…GAS site was first identified in guanylate binding protein (GBP) gene (Lew et al, 1991). IFN-γ c a u s e s transcrip-tional activation of GBP gene and a mutation in expression and regulation of this gene through specific DNA-binding proteins (Friedman et al, 1985, 1987, Shirayoshi et al, 1987, Sugita et al, 1987, D a v i d -Watine et al, 1990 (Figure 1, Table1). Mainly there are two enhancer like sequences, A (-203 to -161) and B (-120 to -61).…”

Section: Ifn Induced Protein Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine regulation of expression of class I MHC antigens

Raval

Puri²,

Rath³

et al. 1998

Exp Mol Med

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Section: Ifn Induced Protein Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine regulation of expression of class I MHC antigens

Raval

Puri²,

Rath³

et al. 1998

Exp Mol Med

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“…Friedman and Stark [34] have described a sequence conserved between the a-interferon-inducible human leucocyte antigens and MT-I1 genes which may be responsible for their induction by a-interferon. A sequence sharing 1 I out of 12 matches with the central region of the conserved sequence is found between -534 and -545 but on the opposite strand in the sMT-Ia gene (Fig.…”

Section: -1 9 8 G G C C G C C T T C a G G G A A C T -181 M M T -I 1 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and regulation of the sheep metallothionein‐Ia gene

Peterson

Mercer

1986

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Screening of a sheep genomic λ library with a sheep metallothionein‐I cDNA clone resulted in the isolation of a 13,200‐base‐pair fragment containing a metallothionein gene which DNA sequence analysis identified as the gene encoding the cloned cDNA. The two introns occur at identical positions to those in other mammalian metallothioneins but are considerably larger. The first intron contains a DNA element that is present in a related but not identical form in many places in the sheep genome. Comparison of the promoter sequences of this gene (sMT‐Ia) with the promoters of metallothionein genes from other species identified a number of conserved regions which may be important in the regulation of this gene by heavy metals, glucocorticoids and α‐interferon. In sheep fibroblasts, the levels of sMT‐Ia mRNA was found to be maximally elevated (95‐fold) in the presence of zinc or cadmium and elevated 30‐fold in the presence of copper. Dexamethasone had no effect upon mRNA levels. Thus this gene shows a pattern of regulation similar to the human MT‐If gene, but distinct from the other human and mouse metallothionein genes so far reported.

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“…a) The presence at three different locations (Figs 1 and 2) of sequences similar to the IRS (the Friedman and Stark consensus sequence common to all interferon-inducible genes studied so Par [9]). One of these IRS-like sequences was found on the sense strand 1.7 kb upstream the cap site in a region located further upstream from the sequence presented in Fig.…”

Section: Isolation Of An Ifi-56k Genomic Clonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…the metallothionein IIA gene is not only induced by interferon, but also by glucocorticoids, heavy metals, interleukin-l(1L-1) and other factors [9, 15 -171. The promoter sequences of some interferon-inducible genes were compared and a 28-nucleotide-long consensus sequence was deduced [9]. Since then, this sequence has also been found in other interferon-inducible genes [18 -201 and shown to be necessary for interferon induction to occur [I 9, 21, 221.…”

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New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

et al. 1987

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In order to investigate the molecular basis of the regulation of interferon-inducible genes, we isolated the promoter region of two such genes coding for the (2'-S')oligo(adenylate) synthetase and a 56-kDa protein (IFI-56K). The regions surrounding the cap site were sequenced and compared with the sequences of vertebrate and viral DNA present in the Genbank data bank. Small DNA segments were found in both genes which are homologous to part of the promoter region of other genes, such as those of interferon-p, tumor necrosis factor / 3, interleukin-2 and its receptor. Since these homologies were found located in functionally important regions of these genes, we tested whether their inducers also enhance the (2'-5')oligo(adenylate) synthetase and IFI-56K gene expression. We found that poly(r1) . poly(rC) and interleukin-1, activators of the interferon-p gene and of T lymphocytes respectively, are both able to enhance IFI-56K mRNA accumulation in all cell lines tested.Cycloheximide even superinduces this gene when added together with poly(r1) . poly(rC) and interleukin-1 (but not when added with interferon). We showed that these inductions are direct and not mediated by interferon produced by cells in response to poly(r1) . poly(rC) or interleukin-1 . The promoter sequence analyses have thus led to the discovery of unexpected inducers, i.e. an interferon inducer such as poly(r1) . poly(rC) is also able to directly induce a gene that is under the control of interferon.Interferons are proteins or glycoproteins secreted by various cells in response to viral infection or other stimuli. They are defined by their antiviral activity, i.e. protection against subsequent infection by different viruses of pretreated, metabolically active cells. Beside the establishment of an antiviral state, interaction between interferon and its receptor on the cell surface also leads to a wide range of biological effects, such as the inhibition of cell growth and modulations of the immune system (for reviews see [l, 21. In that way interferons, as other cytokines, act as pleiotropic effectors, since they modify not only the biochemistry of some target cells but also the physiology of the entire organism. Conversely it has been suggested that some other cytokines (tumor necrosis factors c( and p [3,41) have intrinsic antiviral activities.Numerous cDNAs corresponding to interferon-inducible genes have been cloned but the biological function of these genes has been discovered in a few cases only. Their transcriptional regulation appears to be rather complex. Indeed, all the genes studied so far seem to behave differently with respect to their kinetics of mRNA accumulation after interferon treatment. Moreover, for a given gene, the response to interferon treatment is dependent on the type of interferon and target cell used [5 -111. Finally, amongst these genes, only some remain inducible in interferon-resistant lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells, demonstrating the existence of at least two different pathways of induction downstream from the interacti...

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α-Interferon-induced transcription of HLA and metallothionein genes containing homologous upstream sequences

Cited by 470 publications

References 24 publications

Cytokine regulation of expression of class I MHC antigens

Cytokine regulation of expression of class I MHC antigens

Structure and regulation of the sheep metallothionein‐Ia gene

New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

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