α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Action of Natural Acylated Anthocyanins. 1. Survey of Natural Pigments with Potent Inhibitory Activity

Abstract

alpha-Glucosidase (AGH) inhibitory study by natural anthocyanin extracts was done. As the result of a free AGH assay system, 12 anthocyanin extracts were found to have a potent AGH inhibitory activity; in particular, Pharbitis nil (SOA) extract showed the strongest maltase inhibitory activity, with an IC(50) value of 0.35 mg/mL, as great as that of Ipomoea batatas (YGM) extract (IC(50) = 0.36 mg/mL). Interestingly, neither extract inhibited the sucrase activity at all. For the immobilized assay system, which may reflect the pharmacokinetics of AGH at the small intestine, SOA and YGM extracts gave more potent maltase inhibitory activities than those of the free AGH assay, with IC(50) values of 0.17 and 0.26 mg/mL, respectively. Both extracts also inhibited alpha-amylase action, indicating that anthocyanins would have a potential function to suppress the increase in postprandial glucose level from starch.

In vitro antidiabetic effects of selected fruits and vegetables against glycosidase and aldose reductase

“…Previous studies found that the flavonoids (Gao and Kawabata 2005), anthocyanins (Matsui et al. 2001), and tannin (Huang et al. 2012) content contributed to α ‐glycosidase inhibitory activity which can support the result of this study.…”

Berry Fruits as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds: The Case of Lonicera Caerulea

“…The key diff erence compared to other fl avonoid glucosides, is that cyanidin-3-glucoside appears to be absorbed after oral ingestion, although to a limited extent 38 . Cyanidin-3-rutinoside from sweet cherry exhibited cyclooxygenase I and II inhibitory activities 94 . It showed potential in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia 95 and B and C type viral hepatitis 96 .…”

“…Cyanidin-3-rutinoside inhibited α-glucosidase from baker's yeast in a dose-dependent manner 136 . It can lead to a reduction in glucose absorption and therefore the rise of postprandial hyperglycemia can be attenuated 94 . Berry anthocyanins appear to benefi t vision in several ways in diabetes, including improving night vision by enhanced generation of retinal pigment, increasing circulation within the capillaries of the retina, decreasing macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, and improving or preventing glaucoma and cataracts 137 .…”

Physiological Functionality of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes Containing Anthocyanins and Their Utilization in Foods

“…α-Glucosidase, which is a membrane-bound enzyme located in the epithelium of the small intestine, catalyzes the cleavage of glucose from disaccharides. A recent study 4,5 indicated that the 'Ayamurasaki' anthocyanins YGM-3 and YGM-6 displayed potent α-glucosidase (maltase) inhibitory activities with IC 50 values of 200 µM, which were more than 5 times higher than that of D-xylose (IC 50 = 1,190 µM). In a study in rats 6 , when the 'Ayamurasaki' anthocyanin YGM-6 (100 mg/kg) was administered following maltose (2 g/kg), the maximal blood glucose level at 30 min significantly decreased by 16.5% compared to the control group.…”