α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: Relation to diet, parasites, and IgG4

Wilson, Jeffrey M.; Keshavarz, Behnam; James, Hayley R.; Retterer, Maya K.C.; Schuyler, Alexander J.; Knoedler, Alice; Workman, Lisa J.; Ng’ang’a, Lucy; Chico, Martha; Rönmark, Eva; Heymann, Peter W.; Perzanowski, Matthew S.; Platts‐Mills, Thomas A.E.; Cooper, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.650

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In fact, in such countries, serum tests that detect allergen-specific IgE may be significantly more frequently positive than the equivalent SPT and less frequently associated with allergic diseases [ 42 ]. Measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE as a marker of atopy may be unreliable in the context of endemic intestinal helminth infections because of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) such as glycans, as was demonstrated in a recent study [ 43 ]. In this study, a high proportion of Ecuadorian children living in a highly endemic region for intestinal helminths (50% of children had Ascaris and Trichiuris in their stools) had elevated serum levels of IgE to α-Gal, a glycan (CCD), and, furthermore, such positive IgE levels to this CCD were associated with exposure to A. lumbricoides .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Consistent Association between Asthma, Allergic Diseases, and Intestinal Helminth Infection in School-Aged Children in the Province of Bengo, Angola

Arrais¹,

Lulua²,

Quifica³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Epidemiological studies have shown conflicting findings on the relationship between asthma, atopy, and intestinal helminth infections. There are no such studies from Angola; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between asthma, allergic diseases, atopy, and intestinal helminth infection in Angolan schoolchildren. We performed a cross-sectional study of schoolchildren between September and November 2017. Five schools (three urban, two rural) were randomly selected. Asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were defined by appropriate symptoms in the previous 12 months: atopy was defined by positive skin prick tests (SPT) or aeroallergen-specific IgE; intestinal helminths were detected by faecal sample microscopy. In total, 1023 children were evaluated (48.4% female; 57.6% aged 10–14 years; 60.5% urban). Asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, or eczema were present in 9%, 6%, and 16% of the studies children, respectively. Only 8% of children had positive SPT, but 64% had positive sIgE. Additionally, 40% were infected with any intestinal helminth (A. lumbricoides 25.9%, T. trichiura 7.6%, and H. nana 6.3%). There were no consistent associations between intestinal helminth infections and asthma, allergic diseases, or atopy, except for A. lumbricoides, which was inversely associated with rhinoconjuctivitis and directly associated with aeroallergen-specific IgE. We concluded that, overall, intestinal helminth infections were not consistently associated with allergic symptoms or atopy. Future, preferably longitudinal, studies should collect more detailed information on helminth infections as part of clusters of environmental determinants of allergies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Consistent Association between Asthma, Allergic Diseases, and Intestinal Helminth Infection in School-Aged Children in the Province of Bengo, Angola

Arrais¹,

Lulua²,

Quifica³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, the presence of alpha-gal sIgE in patients allergic to red meat has been associated with a difference in circulating alpha-gal sIgG subclasses. Investigators studying independent cohorts of patients with AGS in Europe, the United States, Kenya, and Ecuador have reported that circulating alpha-galsIgG4 is undetectable or significantly reduced in individuals with AGS compared with nonallergic control subjects (26,37,38), whereas alpha-galsIgG1 and IgG3 levels are higher (38). The coexistence of alpha-gal sIgE, sIgG1, and sIgG3 in individuals with AGS is intriguing because neither IgG subclass has been associated with IgE-blocking activity that might prevent the development of food allergy.…”

Section: Sensitization Phase In Agsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no descriptions of spontaneous development of alpha-galsIgE or AGS in patients with pre-existing asthma, atopic dermatitis, or allergic rhinitis, despite circulating alphagalspecific IgG in all humans (25). Low levels of alpha-gal sIgE have been reported in association with chronic intestinal helminth infection, but even in the setting of Th2-polarizing helminth infection, AGS does not spontaneously develop (26). Thus, tick bites distinctively seem to break existing tolerance to alpha-gal, although the mechanisms for this are still unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Where’s the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome

Carson

Gardner

Iweala

2022

The Journal of Immunology

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Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) describes a collection of symptoms associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity responses to the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). Individuals with AGS develop delayed hypersensitivity reactions, with symptoms occurring >2 h after consuming mammalian (“red”) meat and other mammal-derived food products. The mechanisms of pathogenesis driving this paradigm-breaking food allergy are not fully understood. We review the role of tick bites in the development of alpha-gal–specific IgE and highlight innate and adaptive immune cells possibly involved in alpha-gal sensitization. We discuss the impact of alpha-gal glycosylation on digestion and metabolism of alpha-gal glycolipids and glycoproteins, and the implications for basophil and mast cell activation and mediator release that generate allergic symptoms in AGS.

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“…Previous studies have described the short-term relationship between Ascaris larval migration and allergic sensitization suggesting Ascaris larval migration may modulate allergic diseases like asthma or food allergy[ 12 , 35 , 36 ]. Our previous work specifically demonstrates that Ascaris larval migration causes type-2 inflammatory infiltrate and airway hyperreactivity consistent with short-term allergic airway disease in a mouse model[ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Ascaris suum larval migration induces intractable chronic pulmonary disease and anemia in mice

Knight

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Ascariasis is one of the most common infections in the world and associated with significant global morbidity. Ascaris larval migration through the host’s lungs is essential for larval development but leads to an exaggerated type-2 host immune response manifesting clinically as acute allergic airway disease. However, whether Ascaris larval migration can subsequently lead to chronic lung diseases remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a single episode of Ascaris larval migration through lungs induces a chronic pulmonary syndrome of type-2 inflammatory pathology and emphysema accompanied by pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic anemia in a mouse model. Our results reveal that a single episode of Ascaris larval migration through the host lungs leads to permanent lung damage with systemic effects. Remote episodes of ascariasis may drive non-communicable lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic anemia in parasite endemic regions.

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α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: Relation to diet, parasites, and IgG4

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Lack of Consistent Association between Asthma, Allergic Diseases, and Intestinal Helminth Infection in School-Aged Children in the Province of Bengo, Angola

Lack of Consistent Association between Asthma, Allergic Diseases, and Intestinal Helminth Infection in School-Aged Children in the Province of Bengo, Angola

Where’s the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome

Transient Ascaris suum larval migration induces intractable chronic pulmonary disease and anemia in mice

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