α-Enolase inhibits apoptosis and promotes cell invasion and proliferation of skin cutaneous melanoma

Abstract

Background The glycolytic enzyme, α-Enolase (ENO1), catalyzes the production of phosphoenolpyruvate from 2-phosphoglycerate, thereby enhancing glycolysis and contributing to tumor progression. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of ENO1 in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and the potential underlying mechanism. Methods The Sangerbox database was used to analyze the mRNA expression of ENO1 in SKCM. Western blotting was used to assess the levels of ENO1, c-Myc, β-catenin, MMP-9, PGAM1, and MMP-13 in SKCM-derived cell lines or tumor tissues from patients with SKCM. The pCMV-SPORT6-ENO1 and pET-28a-ENO1siRNA plasmids were used to overexpress and knockdown ENO1 in SKCM cells, respectively. To determine the function of ENO1 in the malignant behavior of SKCM cells, we performed a wound-healing assay, cell counting kit 8 assay, and transwell chamber analyses. The production of pyruvate and lactic acid in tumor cells was evaluated using their respective kits. Results Compared with non-tumor tissues, ENO1 was found to be overexpressed in SKCM tissues. In SKCM cells, ENO1 overexpression promoted invasion, migration, and proliferation of tumor cells; increased pyruvate and lactate production; and increased β-catenin, MMP-9, MMP-13, and c-Myc levels. The opposite effects were observed in SKCM cells silenced for ENO1. Conclusions These results indicate that ENO1 is involved in SKCM progression by enhancing the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, ENO1 might have an important function in tumor cell glycolysis. Therefore, ENO1 represents a potential therapeutic target for treatment of SKCM.

Keratin 17 covalently binds to alpha-enolase and exacerbates proliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis

“…Recently, ENO1 was found to play important roles in regulating cell proliferation 46 , 47 , hypoxia induction and autoimmunity, in addition to its classical role as an enzyme in glycolysis 48 , 49 . Some studies have suggested that ENO1 can directly activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of cancer cells 50 , including pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer cells.…”

Knockout of ENO1 leads to metabolism reprogramming and tumor retardation in pancreatic cancer

“…Recent study have shown that ENO1 overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion and migration of SKCM cells; and increased pyruvate and lactate production (24). Subsequently, we explored the hypothesis that ENO1 is one of the leading regulators of the Warburg effect and thus plays a major role in carcinogenesis and tumor maintenance.…”

Pigmentary retinopathy associated with immune therapy for advanced cutaneous melanoma

“… 17 , 18 Specifically, TRPM1, enolase, and aldolase have been closely associated with melanoma. 19 , 20 , 21 Funduscopic changes of AIR are characteristically unremarkable at presentation but have been documented to change over time and include vascular attenuation, diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, and retinal pigment epithelium mottling. 22 Full-field ERG of our patient demonstrated attenuated a- and b-waves more consistent with CAR and cases of non-paraneoplastic AIR rather than MAR which classically exhibit electronegative b-waves.…”