α-CuV₂O₆ Nanowires: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Primary Lithium Battery Application

Abstract

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical lithium intercalation of alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires, mesowires, and microrods that were prepared through a facile hydrothermal route. The diameters of the as-synthesized alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires, mesowires, and microrods were about 100 nm, 400 nm, and 1 microm, respectively. It was found that by simply controlling the hydrothermal reaction parameters, such as the reagent concentration and the dwell time, the transformation of microrods to nanowires was readily achieved via a "ripening-splitting" mechanism. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the as-prepared alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires and mesowires displayed high discharge capacities (447-514 mAh/g at 20 mA/g and 37 degrees C) and excellent high-rate capability. In particular, the alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires showed capacities much higher than those of alpha-CuV2O6 mesowires, microrods, and bulk particles. The mechanisms for the electrochemical lithium intercalation into the alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires were also discussed. From the Arrhenius plot of lithium intercalation into alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires, the activation energies were calculated to be 39.3 kJ/mol at 2.8 V (low lithium uptake) and 35.7 kJ/mol at 2.3 V (high lithium uptake). This result indicates that the alpha-CuV2O6 nanowires are promising cathode candidates for primary lithium batteries used in long-term implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD).

Hydrothermal synthesis of orthorhombic LiMnO2 nano-particles and LiMnO2 nanorods and comparison of their electrochemical performances

“…3(c)), the LiMnO 2 nanorods have an interdigitated space distribution, which helps to diffuse the electrolyte and also reduces the stress resulting from the charge/ discharge process, which in turn, suppresses the loss of discharge capacity. A similar phenomenon has been observed by Chen's group [34].…”

LiMn2O4 microspheres: Synthesis, characterization and use as a cathode in lithium ion batteries

“…For example, Wan's group has calculated that a reduction of diffusion length from 10 μm (the typical particle size of commercial electrode materials) to 100 nm, results in a decrease in the mean diffusion time from 5000 to 0.5 s [14]. Many reports have also demonstrated that smaller particles of electrode materials have shorter diffusion lengths for Li + , higher electrode/electrolyte contact areas, and better accommodation of the strain than common micron-sized materials [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Porous LiFePO4/NiP Composite nanospheres as the cathode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

“…EIS has been proven to be a valuable and widely used technique to evaluate electrode kinetics [27,28]. Therefore, the activation energies (E a ) of lithium extraction for the as-prepared LiFePO 4 /NiP composite nanospheres were measured by EIS.…”