Zygotically Activated Genes Are Suppressed in Mouse Nuclear Transferred Embryos

Suzuki, Toru; Minami, Naojiro; Kono, Toru; Imai, Hiroshi

doi:10.1089/clo.2006.8.295

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Transcription of this gene begins as early as the 1-cell stage, continues through the early 2-cell stage, and is repressed coincident with the second round of DNA replication [38]. The expression patterns of three other genes, MuERV-L, U2afbp-rs, eIF-1A and some of the genes recently identified in our study described below are similar to the transient expression pattern of Hsp70.1 during ZGA [26,[48][49][50]. The expression of Xist has also been reported to begin during ZGA [51].…”

Section: Genes Transcribed During Zygotic Gene Activationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Zygotic Gene Activation and Maternal Factors in Mammals

2007

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Abstract. Zygotic gene activation (ZGA) is the first event of gene expression after fertilization. Following fertilization, ZGA occurs within a short time interval depending on the animal species. Until ZGA, maternal proteins and transcripts stored in oocytes control embryonic development, indicating the importance of maternal factors for development. Somatic cell cloning also proves the potential of oocyte to reprogram the differentiated cell nuclei to embryonic nuclei. Recent studies show that the epigenetic modifications of nuclei play important roles in controlling gene expression during ZGA. However, the mechanisms that control ZGA remain largely unknown. This review will cover the current understanding of ZGA. Specifically, it will focus on the maternal factors that control gene expression during early embryogenesis.

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Section: Genes Transcribed During Zygotic Gene Activationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Zygotic Gene Activation and Maternal Factors in Mammals

2007

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“…In addition, it has been reported that rRNA plays an important role in cell proliferation [13]. The reduced production of mature rRNA detected in this study may explain the low cell numbers in mouse NT blastocysts [25,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Based on the reports that most NT embryos cease development at the pre-and peri-implantation stages [1,41], it is probable that the accumulation of different abnormalities observed in NT embryos at various developmental stages, such as failure to erase some of the features of donor cells [42][43][44], abnormal gene expression [4,8,10,25,[45][46][47], abnormal DNA methylation [4][5][6], abnormal formation of placentae [1,41,[48][49][50], and the abnormalities detected in this study, leads to gradual loss of NT embryos. Abnormalities that have not been detected in previous studies and/or small differences in gene expression may seriously affect embryonic development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…NT and IVF embryo production were performed as described previously [25]. Unfertilized oocytes were collected from superovulated 8-to 10-weekold BDF1 female mice treated with eCG and hCG.…”

Section: Nt and Ivf Embryo Production And Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA extraction and RT-PCR were performed as described previously with minor modifications [25]. Twelve or 16 embryos were analyzed for each gene.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the RNA Polymerase I-, II- and III-Dependent Transcript Levels Between Nuclear Transfer and In Vitro Fertilized Embryos at the Blastocyst Stage

Suzuki

Minami

Kono

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Cloned animals have been produced in several mammalian species so far, although success rates to term are very low. Aberrations in gene expression derived from abnormal epigenetic status have been thought to be a cause of developmental abnormalities in clones, and several abnormalities in gene expression have already been detected in cloned animals and embryos. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the poor survival rates of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos are partly due to aberrations in the regulation of expression of genes transcribed by RNA polymerases I and III, in addition to polymerase II. We produced cloned and in vitro fertilized mouse embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, and the amounts of several genes were analyzed using individual embryos. We found that the amounts of mature 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcribed by RNA polymerase I were lower in NT embryos than in IVF embryos, but that the amounts of 47S rRNA and intermediates of mature rRNAs were higher in NT embryos. In addition, the amount of 7SK RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III was lower in NT embryos than in IVF embryos. The transcripts of all but one of the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II were not noticeably different between NT and IVF embryos. These results suggest that some of the transcripts produced by RNA polymerases I, II and III are aberrantly regulated in NT embryos.

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Maternal histone variants and their chaperones promote paternal genome activation and boost somatic cell reprogramming

Yang

Macfarlan

2014

BioEssays

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The mammalian egg employs a wide spectrum of epigenome modification machinery to reprogram the sperm nucleus shortly after fertilization. This event is required for transcriptional activation of the paternal/zygotic genome and progression through cleavage divisions. Reprogramming of paternal nuclei requires replacement of sperm protamines with canonical and non-canonical histones, covalent modification of histone tails, and chemical modification of DNA (notably oxidative demethylation of methylated cytosines). In this essay we highlight the role maternal histone variants play during developmental reprogramming following fertilization. We discuss how reduced maternal histone variant incorporation in somatic nuclear transfer experiments may explain the reduced viability of resulting embryos and how knowledge of repressive and activating maternal factors may be used to improve somatic cell reprogramming.

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Zygotically Activated Genes Are Suppressed in Mouse Nuclear Transferred Embryos

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Zygotic Gene Activation and Maternal Factors in Mammals

Zygotic Gene Activation and Maternal Factors in Mammals

Comparison of the RNA Polymerase I-, II- and III-Dependent Transcript Levels Between Nuclear Transfer and In Vitro Fertilized Embryos at the Blastocyst Stage

Maternal histone variants and their chaperones promote paternal genome activation and boost somatic cell reprogramming

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