Zygomatic Implants/Fixture: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Patients with moderate to severe atrophy challenge the surgeon to discover alternative ways to use existing bone or resort to augmenting the patient with autogenous or alloplastic bone materials. Many procedures have been suggested for these atrophied maxillae before implant placement, which include Le Fort I maxillary downfracture, onlay bone grafts and maxillary sinus graft procedures. A zygomatic implant can be an effective device for rehabilitation of the severely resorbed maxilla. If zygomatic implants are used, onlay bone grafting or sinus augmentation would likely not be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the developments that have taken place in zygomatic implant treatment over years, including anatomic information for installing the zygomatic implants, implant placement techniques, stabilization, and prosthodontic procedures.

Evaluation of Clinical Soft Tissue Parameters for Extramaxillary Zygomatic Implants and Conventional Implants in All-on-4 Hybrid Rehabilitations

“…[2][3][4][7][8][9] The survival rate of zygomatic implants used for rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxillae ranges between 89% and 100% and is therefore considered to be a predictable procedure. 1,2,[4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Today, zygomatic implants are increasingly used alone or in combination with conventional implants placed in limited residual bone 2,4,[12][13][14][15][16][17] for rehabilitating patients with a severely atrophic maxilla (Cawood and Howell Classification C-VI and D-V or D-VI) but are not limited to these situations: Several studies report rehabilitations performed in patients who had overcome severe health conditions (such as cancer), 1,3,9 and even absence of a maxillary support.…”

Endoscopically-Assisted Zygomatic Implant Placement: A Novel Approach

“…The concept of this treatment modality was first developed to obtain anchorage and consequent stability in the zygomatic bone by the use of longer implants ([30 mm) and the placement of 2-4 standard implants in the anterior area to increase prosthesis support. In the past decades, this alternative to bone-grafting procedures has shown its predictability by demonstrating high survival rate ([95 % over a medium-/long-term follow-up) and few technical and biologic complications to bone grafting approaches in posterior maxilla and thus, its application in the routine rehabilitation for patients with severe atrophic maxilla [12][13][14].…”

Uso de Implantes Zigomáticos na Fixação de Próteses Bucomaxilofaciais

“…Este desenvolvimento tecnológico ofereceu novas alternativas aos procedimentos de enxerto ósseo ou de levantamento de seio, que envolvem uma cirurgia pouco invasiva. 34 Um relatório sobre a utilização de implantes zigomáticos instaladosna cavidade nasal e seio maxilar foi publicado por Branemark em 1984. 20 Desde então, vários trabalhos têm sido publicados a respeito do desempenho clínico dos implantes zigomáticos 5,20,21,25,31,37 .Foi projetado para oferecer ancoragem óssea máxima.…”