Zygomatic Hypoplasia in Patients with Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

Background Patients operated for cleft deformities may have zygomatic hypoplasia secondary to impaired growth of the maxilla. This has, however, not been evaluated in the past. Subjects and Methods This study was a prospective, casecontrol study. This included 32 patients, aged between 19 and 25 years, who were divided into cleft and non-cleft groups. The cleft group was further divided into unilateral clefts, bilateral clefts and isolated palatal clefts. In both groups, the zygoma was assessed and compared on both sides clinically using indirect photogrammetry and radiographically using 3D CT. The results were analyzed statistically using the unpaired t test. Results There was a significant difference in the zygomatic projection on cleft and non-cleft sides in the unilateral cleft group. There was no significant difference in the zygomatic projection of both sides in the other subgroups and the control group. Conclusion The present study shows that there is a global effect of palato-alveolar cleft repair on the midfacial skeleton. Further studies are required to correlate the impact of age, gender and the technique of palato-alveolar cleft repair with the quantum of malar hypoplasia.

Evaluation of Orbitomalar Region Projection in Patients With Operated Cleft Lip and Palate (Cephalometric Study)

“…In cases with CLP, problems in facial development can be grouped under 3 main categories: embryological, surgical, and intrinsic factors. [26][27][28][29][30] This problem has been reported to affect areas close to the cleft, such as the maxilla, nose, nasal septum, and upper lip, but it can also affect more distant areas such as the upper face, malar region, and even the skull base, albeit less frequently. 20,[31][32][33][34][35][36] Although cephalometric analysis has some disadvantages such as converts threedimensional (3D) plane to two-dimensional (2D), allowing only profile evaluation, and low resolution, it is still the standard imaging method in orthodontic/orthognathic diagnosis and treatment.…”

“…Projection loss in the malar region has been previously reported in a limited number of studies. 30 , 45 , 49 Zheng et al reported that the most common projection loss in cases with unilateral CLP after the alveolar region was seen in the zygomatic and infraorbital regions. The results obtained in the present study in the suborbital region were consistent with the study of Zheng et al, additionally, cases with bilateral CLP were also included in our sample.…”

Dental Anomalies in Maxillary Incisors and Canines among Patients with Total Cleft Lip and Palate

“…Another frequently encountered malocclusion 2 of 14 is class III, primarily caused by maxillary hypoplasia. Many of these malocclusions may eventually necessitate orthognathic surgery due to underlying maxillary hypoplasia [8]. In an attempt to minimize the need for future orthognathic surgery, trials have been conducted using maxillary traction distractors [9].…”