Zwitterionic silica copolymer based crosslinked organic–inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications

Preparation of anion exchange membranes from BPPO and dimethylethanolamine for electrodialysis

“…Water uptake is a crucial parameter of IEMs and has accessed a significant effect on the separation phenomena, dimensional as well as mechanical properties [57][58][59]. Dissociation of the charged functional groups could be promoted by the presence of water molecules inside the membrane matrix and very important for the transportation of ions [59]. Water uptake of prepared AEMs and commercial membrane Neosepta AMX is shown in Fig.…”

Preparation and characterization of click-driven N-vinylcarbazole-based anion exchange membranes with improved water uptake for fuel cells

“…40,49 For ion transport to be viable, the presence of water molecules inside the polymer matrix is essential. 50 However, the thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stabilities of any membrane can be prejudiced by a large volume fraction of water residing inside the polymer matrix. 50 The water uptake and conductivity appear to be the major obstacles to development of high-performance anion exchange membranes.…”

“…50 However, the thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stabilities of any membrane can be prejudiced by a large volume fraction of water residing inside the polymer matrix. 50 The water uptake and conductivity appear to be the major obstacles to development of high-performance anion exchange membranes. 1 AEMs need low water uptakes (less than 30 wt%) and reasonable conductivity (at least 10 mS cm À1 ) to be operative in fuel cell applications.…”

“…The membrane matrix mostly contains three different types of water, categorized as free water, freezing bound water, and non-freezing bound water. 50 According to the Eikerlings theory, it is fairly evident that bulk and bound water mostly resides inside charged ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). 52 However, to solvate any of the ionic groups, bound water is essential, whereas the void volume is lled with bulk water.…”

Sulphonated PEEK-Azadirachta indica based Composite Membranes for PEM Fuelcells

“…The performance of PEMs are improved by the way of using an organic -inorganic composite membrane as it increases the water retention capacity and mechanical properties as well as reduced fuel permeation [21][22][23][24]. Wood/bio-based plastic composites is new avenue for researchers in the development of alternatives to conventional composites and petroleum-based materials.…”