Zwitterionic keratin coating on silk‐Laponite fibrous membranes for guided bone regeneration

Abstract

Implant-related infection is one of the main challenges in periodontal diseases.According to the zwitterionic properties of keratin, we aim to develop guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane with antibacterial and bioactivity properties using a keratin coating. In this study, electrospun silk fibroin (SF)-Laponite (LAP) fibrous membranes were developed as GBR membranes, and keratin extracted from sheep wool was electrosprayed on them. Here, the role of electrospraying time (2, 3, and 4h) on the properties of the GBR membranes was investigated. After physicochemical characterization of the keratin-modified membranes, in vitro bioactivity and degradation rate of the membranes were studied in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer saline, respectively. Moreover, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated in contact with the keratin-modified SF-LAP membrane. Finally, the antibacterial activity of membranes against grampositive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) was investigated. Results demonstrated the successful formation of homogeneous wool keratin coating on SF-LAP fibrous membranes using a simple electrospray process. While wool keratin coating significantly enhanced the elongation and hydrophilicity of the SF-LAP membrane, the mechanical strength was not changed. In addition, keratin coating significantly improved the bioactivity and degradation rate of SF-LAP membranes, owing to the carboxyl groups of amino acids in keratin coating. In addition, the synergic role of LAP nanoparticles and keratin coating drastically improved osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Finally, the zwitterionic property of wool keratin coating originating from their equal positive (NH 3 + ) and negative (COO − ) charges considerably improved the antibacterial activity of the SF-LAP membrane. Overall, keratincoated SF-LAP fibrous membranes with significant mechanical and biological properties could have the potential for GBR membranes.

Translating proteome and transcriptome dynamics of periodontal ligament stem cell-derived secretome/conditioned medium in an in vitro model of periodontitis

“…Keratin is a well-known and accepted biomaterial with biocompatibility and physiochemical properties for tissue engineering [ 42 ]. Even though dental applications of keratin are still underexplored, recent studies have proved that keratin-modified membranes have shown promising results in pulp-dentin and periodontal tissue regeneration [ 43 , 44 ]. Thus, based on the key bioactive proteins identified by the proteomic profiling and their regenerative functions, the PDLSC-CM can be provided and further developed for therapeutical alternative in periodontal diseases and periodontium defects.…”

Antibacterial Adhesion Strategy for Dental Titanium Implant Surfaces: From Mechanisms to Application

“…Currently, researchers are studying the hydrophilicity of materials [ 117 , 118 , 119 ]. A firm hydration layer can form a physical barrier to prevent bacteria from approaching it.…”