Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse zur Zielerreichung des Modellversuchs TOU

Kulicke, Marianne

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58076-5_7

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…Kulicke (1987) has shown that roughly two thirds of the total number of founders of innovative firms 9 were previously employed in industrial companies before becoming self-employed. In 1987, around a quarter of the new entrepreneurs came from universities, technical colleges or state research institutes, but interestingly this proportion had grown to around a third by 1993 (Kulicke et al, 1993). Similar findings are provided by Heinzel (1990), Sternberg (1989) and Sternberg et al (1996).…”

Section: Technology Transfer Through the Incubator Organizationsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…8 This is a surprising result, because private companies with R&D operations have been claimed by other studies (e.g. Kulicke et al, 1993;Sternberg, 1988) to be important as incubator organizations. The very slight effect of private R&D operations on the number of NTBFs in the counties of west Germany is also contrary to the results reported by Felder et al (1997a) for the east German Laender.…”

Section: Empirical Results On the Location Of Ntbfsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Similar findings are provided by Heinzel (1990), Sternberg (1989) and Sternberg et al (1996). Kulicke (1987, p. 118) A study by Kulicke (1987) and Kulicke et al (1993) of the functional background of founders of innovative firms found that 79 percent of founders have experience in R&D, 32 percent in sales, and 28 percent in production, but very few firms were established by individuals experienced in accounting and finance. Similar results for NTBFs in east Germany are reported by Pleschak et al (1994).…”

Section: Technology Transfer Through the Incubator Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NTBFs have therefore been regarded as an answer to ongoing structural changes; they are seen as an important source of new employment and important promoters of technological change and innovation in the German economy. The creation of such firms has been stimulated by public policies, such as the pilot scheme for the 'Promotion of New Technology-based Firms' which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF, 1996;Kulicke et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current debate focuses on the contribution NTBFs have made to employment, to technological innovation and to the diffusion of new technological knowledge. Some argue that new companies of this kind are rare, so their contribution to overall employment and national technological performance is marginal (Berndts and Harmsen, 1985;Sternberg, 1988), but others suggest that new technology-based firms are much more important, being the primary source of new employment and the engine of technological change and economic growth (Kulicke et al, 1993). Famous American firms like Microsoft, and German firms like SAP, are often taken as being illustrative of the potential of NTBFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New technology-based firms in Germany: a survey of the recent evidence

Licht

Nerlinger

1998

Research Policy

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The paper provides an overview of some of the recent research on New Technology Based Firms in Germany and covers issues from firm formation dynamics, the regional distribution and location characteristics of NTBFs, the participation of these firms in technology transfers, and their participation in public support programmes. It has been shown that after the decline in the number of technology-based start-ups that was apparent between 1990 and 1992, there has been a small increase in the annual number of new firm formations in the high-tech industries and in technology-intensive services, but it is also apparent that, compared with the number of formations in the late 1980s, the number of firm formations in the very-high-tech manufacturing sectors has remained at a lower level since 1992. With regard to the results of analyses on the regional clustering of NTBFs and their locational considerations, one of the major findings was that the regional R&D endowment of universities, technical colleges and nonuniversity R&D-labs has a large impact on the number of new firms in the region, but that this impact also varies with the institute's field of specialisation. In contrast, the R&D activities of private firms do not appear to have an influence on the number of NTBFs in a region. The importance of the regional endowment of R&D facilities is also important with regard to technology transfer. The perceived importance of NTBFs for technology transfer and for the creation of employment is indicated by the number and the volume of public promotion schemes which are offered by federal ministries as well as by the ministries and institutions of the Bundeslaender. However, due to the huge volume and sometimes confusing complexity of the supporting schemes, a lot of small and medium-sized firms have neither the time nor money to gather and process all the available information about these programmes. Consequently, they may not apply for the support that is available at the level of the Laender, the federal level, or at the EC level. As a response to this, a reduction and simplification of the support schemes is planned in Germany. Apart from benefiting the firms, this may also benefit providers of support, including banks, by the imposition of clear standards of support. AbstractThe Importance and Contribution of new technology-based Firms (NTBFs) to long term economic development is at the center of a controversial debate. This paper provides an overview of the current status of research on various issues concerning NTBFs in Germany. The issues covered include the incidence of start-ups firms in Germany's technology-intensive sectors and their regional clustering. The review also shows that NTBFs play an important role with regard to the transfer, adoption and diffusion of technology. The public support and policy initiatives for new technology-based firms in Germany are also discussed. Acknowledgement

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Section: Technology Transfer Through the Incubator Organizationsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Empirical Results On the Location Of Ntbfsmentioning

confidence: 96%